地下工程勘察与围岩稳定性分析评价研究综述

An Overview of Analysis of Underground Engineering Investigation and Stability of Surrounding Rock

地下工程的围岩破坏是危害工程及人员安全的突出问题之一,地下工程的围岩稳定性分析评价及变形是地下工程勘察需要解决的主要问题,也是地下工程研究的基本对象。近年来,地下工程勘察与围岩稳定性评价方法取得了显著进展,采用现场观测、多种现场原位岩土试验、室内岩土试验等方法,全面系统地揭示了不同围岩岩体的物理力学特性,构建了不同影响因素条件下的围岩稳定性评价数值模型,科学分析了围岩变形破坏模式。在深埋长调水引水隧洞方面,系统研究了高精度综合物探勘察方法及岩体岩性特征、岩体结构组合单元划分方法。在超深矿山地下工程方面,通过巷道变形及支护破坏现场观测与评价,总结了矿山巷道现有支护体系形式,给出了基于UDEC、FLAC3D等软件的定量计算评价模型,对地下工程围岩变形破坏防治具有十分重要的作用。未来研究的重点是地下工程围岩岩体三维地质结构的力学特性和变形规律。

The destruction of the surrounding rock of underground projects is one of the pronounced problems which undermine the safety of the project and personnel. The evaluation of the stability of surrounding rocks of underground projects and its model of deformation and damage are the main issues to be addressed in underground exploration, which is also the main research target of underground projects. In recent years, it had achieved significant progress in underground project exploration and ways of evaluation of the stability of surrounding rocks. In the meantime, observation at the site and multiple in-situ geotechnical engineering experiments had disclosed respective physical and mechanical properties of many surrounding rocks, put in place the numerical evaluation models of the stability of surrounding rocks in different conditions and analyzed the deformation models of the rocks in a scientific manner. For the deep-buried long-water diversion tunnel, the high precision comprehensive geophysical prospecting method, rock and lithology characteristics, the combination of rock units had been systematically studied. In the underground engineering of ultra-deep mine, we had summarized the existing supporting system of mine roadway, provided the quantitative calculation and evaluation model and other software based on UDEC, FLAC3D through the field observation and evaluation of roadway deformation and support failure, which played key roles in the prevention and control of surrounding rock deformation and failure in underground projects. The future research will focus on the mechanical properties and deformation laws of 3D geological structure of surrounding rocks in underground projects.