铁路隧道及隧道群火灾防治研究

Research on Fire Prevention and Control of Railway Tunnels and Tunnel Groups

铁路隧道火灾是隧道灾害防治的重点。文章通过对国内外铁路隧道及隧道群火灾疏散救援相关规范及最新研究状况的梳理,分析了铁路隧道火灾防治的重要原则和必要措施,提出了降低隧道火灾危害的相关建议,总结了铁路隧道火灾防治的第一要义:疏散。要降低火灾造成的危害,首先要保证隧道应急土建设施建设符合规范要求,为人员疏散提供必要的物理条件;其次要配备必要的通风措施和应急设备以减少人员疏散时间;最后要利用好智能探测技术对火灾进行预防,对已发生的火灾采用科学方法及时扑救。研究可为铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计提供参考。

Railway tunnel fire is the focus of tunnel disaster prevention and control.This paper sorts out the relevant codes and latest research status of fire evacuation and rescue of railway tunnels and tunnel groups at home and abroad,analyzes the important principles and necessary measures of fire prevention and control of railway tunnels,puts forward relevant suggestions to reduce the hazards of tunnel fires,and summarizes the first essential of fire prevention and control of railway tunnels:evacuation.To reduce the hazard caused by fire,first of all,it is necessary to ensure that the construction of emergency civil engineering facilities of the tunnel meets the specification requirements and provides necessary physical conditions for personnel evacuation.Secondly,necessary ventilation measures and emergency equipment shall be provided to reduce the evacuation time.Finally,it is necessary to make good use of intelligent detection technology to prevent fires and adopt scientific methods to put out existing fires in time.The study can provide a reference for the design of disaster prevention,evacuation,and rescue of railway tunnels.