上海地区儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristic analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in Shanghai

目的分析上海地区儿童肺炎支原体感染的病原学流行特点,为此类疾病的防控提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2018年12月上海市儿童医院因肺炎、疑似肺炎等呼吸道疾病就诊的18718例患儿肺炎支原体血清学(被动凝集法)、胶体金法肺炎支原体IgM、实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)肺炎支原体DNA检测结果,结合年龄、性别和季节等因素进行流行病学分析。结果18718例患儿中,肺炎支原体血清学检测阳性率为30.48%,女性患儿阳性率(34.92%)高于男性患儿(27.22%)(P<0.01);胶体金法筛查肺炎支原体IgM和实时定量PCR检测结果均显示,女性患儿阳性率显著高于男性患儿(P<0.01)。<1岁患儿肺炎支原体抗体阳性率最低,7~14岁患儿阳性率最高,肺炎支原体抗体阳性率随患儿年龄增加而增高(P<0.01)。7—9月是肺炎支原体感染的高峰期。结论上海地区呼吸道疾病患儿肺炎支原体抗体阳性率较高,且不同性别、年龄患儿阳性率有差异,7—9月是肺炎支原体感染高峰。临床应根据上海地区儿童肺炎支原体感染特点采取有效防控措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in Shanghai,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods The serological determination(passive agglutination),colloidal gold method and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)results for Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM and DNA for 18718 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively and analyzed statistically.Factors,such as age,sex and season,were analyzed.Results The positive rate of serological determination(passive agglutination)in 18718 cases was 30.48%.The positive rate of girls(34.91%)was higher than that of boys(27.22%)(P<0.01).The results of screening Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM by colloidal gold method and real-time quantitative PCR confirmed that the positive rate of girls was higher than that of boys(P<0.01).The positive rate of infants(<1-year-old)was the lowest,the positive rate was increasing with ages,and the positive rate of 7-14-yearold group was the highest(P<0.01).In terms of months,July to September of each year was the seasonal peak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Conclusions The positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in children with respiratory tract diseases in Shanghai is relatively high,and the positive rates between girls and boys and with different ages are different.July to September is the peak months of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.