认罪认罚从宽制度与以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革关系之正本清源

The Relationship between the Plea Leniency System and the Trial-Centered Reform of the Litigation System

认罪认罚从宽制度与以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革之间不存在根本的对立冲突。相反,认罪认罚从宽制度的制度价值、审前阶段和审判阶段的运行均契合以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革要求。当前,司法实践与理论所关注的两者在诉讼价值存在冲突、检察主导架空以审判为中心原则、量刑建议改革侵犯法官独立裁判权问题,系司法实践中产生的异化现象及对认罪认罚从宽制度、以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革、庭审实质化三者关系的误读。合理定位两者的关系应当从以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革所具有的外部视角和内部视角出发。从外部视角看,其指的是侦控机关应当全面、客观、合法地收集犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的证据材料,为公诉案件的审理程序做准备,这有利于理顺公检法三机关之间的关系。从内部视角看,以审判为中心应当发挥庭审在定罪量刑中的决定性地位,不因速裁程序、简易程序抑或普通程序审理差异而异化庭审在定罪量刑中的作用,而应当将认罪认罚从宽制度与庭审实质化作为以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的重要组成部分。通过不同的视角转换,重新阐释认罪认罚从宽制度与以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的关系,廓清制度之间的认识误区,有利于真正实现刑事司法改革实践不断优化的目标。

There is no fundamental conf lict between the plea leniency system and the trial-centered reform of the litigation system. On the contrary, the institutional value, pre-trial stage and trial stage of the plea leniency system are in line with the requirements of the trial-centered litigation system reform. At present, judicial practice and theoretical discussion involve the existence of conflicts in the litigation value of the two, as the procuratorial leadership overriding the trial as the center, the sentencing recommendation reform infringing on the judge’s independent adjudication power, the alienation phenomenon arising from judicial practice. These are related to the misinterpretation of the relationship between the plea leniency system, the trial-centered litigation system reform, and the substantialization of trials. Reasonably positioning the relationship between the three should proceed from the internal and external perspectives of the trial-centered litigation system reform, positioning the plea leniency system and the trial substantially as important parts of the trial-centered litigation system reform, so as to clarify the misunderstanding between the systems and realize the original goal.