荀子道德教育思想的内涵及当代价值

The Connotation and Contemporary Value of Xunzi’s Moral Education Thought

战国末期,社会礼崩乐坏,道德秩序崩塌,具有现实使命感的荀子积极思考如何重新构建社会道德秩序,提出了具有独特性的道德教育理论体系。深入分析荀子道德教育思想的理论内涵,特别是荀子道德教育思想的目标、内容、方法,可为解决我国当代社会主义道德建设出现的道德困境提供参考和借鉴。在道德教育目标上,荀子将理想人格分为有连续性特征的三个层次:“士”“君子”“圣人”,深入分析荀子道德教育目标,对当代坚持道德教育根本目标的指导地位、促进道德教育目标的多层次发展、优化道德教育目标的层次性具有重要价值;在道德教育内容上,荀子提出“礼”“义”“孝”“诚”的教育,深入分析荀子道德教育内容对当代树立“以礼为本,隆礼重法”“先义后利、义利兼顾”“从义从道、通权达变”“诚实守信,诚信至上”的道德教育意识具有重要价值;在道德教育方法上,分析荀子提出的“仪正而影正”的身教示范法、“注错习俗”的环境陶冶法、“慎其独者”的自觉自律法、“躬行践履”的知行合一法对当代道德教育发挥教育者的榜样作用、优化教育环境、提升受教育者的自我道德修养、发挥教育实践的作用具有重要价值。

At the end of the Warring States period, social etiquette and moral order collapsed. Xunzi,with a sense of realistic mission, actively thought about how to rebuild social moral order and put forward a unique theoretical system of moral education. An in-depth analysis of Xunzi’s theoretical connotation ideological system of moral education, especially its goals, contents and methods, can provide reference for solving the moral dilemma in contemporary socialist moral construction in China. On the goal of moral education, Xunzi divided the ideal personality into three continuous stages: “scholar”, “gentleman” and “sage”. An in-depth analysis of Xunzi’s goal of moral education has important implications for upholding the guiding position of the fundamental goal of moral education, promoting the multi-stage development of the goal of moral education and optimizing the stages of the goal of moral education. On the content of moral education, Xunzi put forward the education of “courtesy”, “righteousness”, “filial piety” and “sincerity”.An in-depth analysis of Xunzi’s moral education content has important enlightenment to the contemporary moral education concept of “courtesy-oriented, emphasizing propriety and law”, “putting righteousness before profit, giving consideration to both righteousness and profit”, “obeying righteousness and Taoism, and being flexible”and “sincerity”. On the method of moral education, the analysis of Xunzi’s example method of “observing righteousness and reflecting righteousness”, the method of environmental edification of “noting wrong customs”, the method of being cautious of one’s independence, and the method of practicing and practicing have important enlightenment for contemporary moral education to play the role of an educator’s model, optimize the educational environment, enhance the educated’s self-moral cultivation, and play the role of educational practice.