从病毒性肝炎到肝细胞癌:外泌体microRNA的作用

From viral hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma:The role of exosomal microRNAs

外泌体是一种纳米级的磷脂双分子层小囊泡,内含丰富而复杂的生物分子,如DNA、mRNA、microRNA(miRNA)、脂质和蛋白质。外泌体可由大多数种类细胞分泌和摄取,通过细胞间运输的方式完成信息传递。外泌体被受体细胞摄取后,释放其中所含生物活性物质,用以调节受体细胞生物过程,如促进肿瘤的生长和转移。外泌体及其内容物的变化与多种疾病有着重要联系。近年来,关于外泌体miRNA在病毒性肝炎所致肝细胞癌(HCC)发生发展中的作用已经受到广泛关注,并且不同来源的外泌体miRNA在此过程中发挥的作用也有所不同。本文简要回顾了外泌体miRNA在病毒性肝炎相关HCC发生发展中的作用研究,并提出外泌体miRNA可能是针对HCC微环境的免疫治疗靶点。

Exosomes are nano-sized phospholipid bilayer vesicles containing abundant and complex biomolecules,such as DNA,mRNAs,microRNAs(miRNAs),lipids,and proteins.Exosomes can be secreted and ingested by most types of cells to transfer information through intercellular transport.After uptake by recipient cells,exosomes release bioactive substances to regulate the biological processes of recipient cells,such as promoting tumor growth and metastasis.Changes of exosomes and their contents are associated with a variety of diseases.In recent years,the role of exosomal miRNAs in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) caused by viral hepatitis has attracted wide attention,and exosomal miRNAs from different sources play different roles in this process.This article briefly reviews the research on the role of exosomal miRNAs in the development and progression of viral hepatitis-related HCC and proposes that exosomal miRNAs may be the targets for immunotherapy for HCC microenvironment.