《民法典》离婚冷静期制度的法解释学评析

The Legal Hermeneutics Analysis on the Divorce Cooling-off Period System of the Civil Code

法解释学方法对提升《民法典》第1077条离婚冷静期制度法律适用的科学性至关重要。通过应用文义解释、目的解释和体系解释等法解释学方法,可以发现,离婚冷静期具体且明确的法律表述体现为《民法典》第1077条的第1款,而非第2款,冷静的客体是离婚协议。离婚冷静期制度的立法目的是保护婚姻和保障离婚自由。离婚冷静期制度只能适用于登记离婚,不能适用于诉讼离婚。离婚冷静期制度的适用,不得违背婚姻家庭编和《民法典》的基本原则。我国离婚冷静期制度还很单薄,尚未形成一个制度性的规范体系。目的性限缩是离婚冷静期相关法律漏洞补充的首选方法,但仍存在一些疑问,进行法律修订或出台相关司法解释应是最彻底的解决方案。

The method of legal hermeneutics is very important to improve the scientific nature of the legal application of Article 1077 of the Civil Code divorce cooling-off period system.By applying legal hermeneutics methods such as literal interpretation,purpose interpretation and system interpretation,it can be found that the specific and clear legal expression of the cooling-off period for divorce is embodied in the first item of Article 1077 of the Civil Code,not the second item.The cooling-off object is the divorce agreement.The legislative purpose of the divorce cooling-off system is to protect marriage and guarantee the freedom of divorce.The divorce cooling-off period system can only be applied to registered divorces,not litigation divorces.The application of the cooling-off period system for divorce shall not violate the basic principles of the Marriage and Family Code and the Civil Code.Divorce cooling-off period system is still very weak,and has not yet formed an institutional normative system in China.Purposeful narrowing is the preferred method for supplementing legal loopholes related to the cooling-off period of divorce,but there are still some doubts,and legal amendments or the introduction of relevant judicial interpretations should be the most thorough solutions.