环境DNA方法在水生动物疫病监测方面的应用

Application of the Environmental DNA in Aquatic Animal Disease Monitoring

环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)方法是一种从环境样品(土壤、沉积物、水体和生物膜等)中直接提取DNA后,利用分子生物学及测序技术开展的定性或定量分析方法,具有成本低、效率高、采样无损伤性等优点,已被广泛用于生态系统的物种多样性研究、资源生物量检测以及濒危种和入侵种检测。近年来,该技术在水生动物病原检测方面的应用也得到快速发展,尤其是针对高价值和稀有动物的疫病监测具有较强的优势。本文对eDNA在水生动物疫病监测中的应用研究现状进行了综述,指出了虽然eDNA方法仍存在一定局限性,但可适用于不同情形下的水生动物采样,有助于增强水生动物疫病主动监测。本文为深入开展eDNA方法在水生动物疫病监测方面的应用提供了参考。

Environmental DNA(eDNA)was a qualitative or quantitative analysis method conducted with molecular biology and sequencing technology,after DNA was directly extracted from environmental samples(soil,sediment,water,biofilm,etc.),which was characterized by low cost,high efficiency and non-invasive sampling,and had been widely used in the researches on species diversity of ecological system,the detection of resource biomass,endangered and invasive species.In recent years,the method had been rapidly applied in the detection of pathogens in aquatic animals,especially in monitoring the diseases of animals with high value and the rare ones.In the paper,the researches on the application of eDNA in aquatic animal disease monitoring were reviewed,the limitations of eDNA were mentioned,although it could be used to sample aquatic animals under different conditions,which was contributive to the active surveillance for aquatic animal diseases.A reference was thus provided for further application of eDNA in aquatic animal disease monitoring.