行政证据与刑事证据的转化研究

Research on the Transformation of Administrative Evidence and Criminal Evidence

虽然行政证据与刑事证据存在一定区别,但我国刑事司法实践中很多刑事案件都是行政违法案件转化而来的,部分行政证据会转化为刑事证据。二者的转化在一定程度上提高了刑事诉讼效率,但司法实践中仍存在法律规定不明确、是否适用非法证据排除规则的限定不明确、转化程序中的监督不明确导致证据证明力的审查不明确、行政与刑事机关信息不对称等问题。为了推进行政执法与刑事司法更高效地转化,应在立法上明确规定转化范围,在法理上强化正当程序,严格适用非法证据排除规则,加强证据的审查机制,严格取证程序,加强检察院监督,并加快行政、公安司法机关信息共享机制的推进速度等。

Although there are certain differences between administrative evidence and criminal evidence, many criminal cases in China’s criminal justice practice are converted from administrative illegal cases, and some administrative evidence will be converted into criminal evidence.The mutual transformation has improved the efficiency of criminal proceedings to a certain extent, but there are still some problems in judicial practice, such as unclear legal provisions, unclear restrictions on whether to apply the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, unclear supervision in the transformation process, which leads to unclear review of the probative force of evidence, and asymmetric information between administrative and criminal organs. In order to promote the more efficient transformation of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, it is necessary to clearly define the scope of transformation in legislation, strengthen due process in jurisprudence, strictly apply the exclusion rules of illegal evidence, strengthen the review mechanism of evidence, strictly enforce the evidentiary procedures, strengthen the supervision of the procuratorate, and speed up the promotion of the information sharing mechanism of the administrative, public security and judicial organs.