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商品化率对化肥用量的影响拐点及其减量政策含义 被引量:1

The Inflection Point of the Effect of Commercialization Rate on Fertilizer Use and Its Policy Implication
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摘要 基于资本要素禀赋理论,构建农产品商品化率影响农户化肥施用量的理论模型,以阐明商品化率对化肥用量的影响机理,并结合湖北省江汉平原水稻种植户的调查数据进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)农产品商品化率对农户化肥施用量的影响具有拐点效应,二者呈现“倒U”型变动特征,转折的临界点为69.15%;(2)稻谷商品化率低于69.15%时,土地细碎化和劳动力非农转移对化肥用量具有显著的正向影响,表明土地均分制造成的土地细碎问题和家庭经营重心转向非农活动是引发低商品化率农户短期行为的诱因所在;(3)稻谷商品化率高于69.15%时,服务外包和土地经营规模对化肥用量具有显著负向影响,表明参与农业分工和开展农地规模经营能够激发高商品化率农户的长期行为。基于稻谷商品化率拐点前后的减量影响差异,认为低商品化率农户是化肥减量需要重点关注的群体,引导其减量的策略在于通过高标准农田建设解决土地细碎化问题,同时为机械化等节约人工的作业破除障碍;高商品化率农户的减量策略则在于鼓励有经营能力的农户扩大经营规模,支持有交易能力的农户参与农业分工。 Based on the capital factor endowment theory,a theoretical model representing the effect of agricultural products’ commercialization rate on the amount of chemical fertilizer application by farmers is constructed,so as to clarify the impact mechanism.Then,an empirical test was conducted based on the survey data of rice farmers in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province to examine the theoretical model.The results shows that there exits an inflection point in the affection of agricultural products’ commercialization rate on farmers’ chemical fertilizer application,which shows an “inverted U” sharp and the tipping point is 69.15%.When the commercialization rate of rice is lower than 69.15%,land fragmentation and off-farm labor transfer have significant positive impacts on the amount of chemical fertilizer application,indicating that land fragmentation caused by the land distribution system and the shift in the focus of household business to off-farm activities are the inducements for the short-term behaviors of farmers with low commercialization rate.When the rice commercialization rate is higher than 69.15%,service outsourcing and farmland scale management have significant negative impacts on the amount of chemical fertilizer application,suggesting that participating in the agricultural division of labor and carrying out farmland scale management can stimulate the long-term behavior of farmers with high commercialization rate.Based on the difference of reduction effects before and after the inflection point of rice commercialization rate,it is believed that farmers with lower commercialization rate should be the focus group in terms of fertilizer reduction,and the strategy to guide them is to solve the problem of land fragmentation through the construction of high-standard farmland,as well as removing the obstacles for mechanization and other labor saving operations.The strategy for farmers with higher commercialization rate is to encourage them to expand their farmland operation scale,and support farmers with trading ability to participate in agricultural division of labor.
作者 赵宁 张露 童庆蒙 ZHAO Ning;ZHANG Lu;TONG Qingmeng
出处 《华中农业大学学报(社会科学版)》 北大核心 2023年第2期102-111,共10页 Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金 国家自然科学基金面上项目“时空规律、形成机理与减量策略:长江经济带水稻种植化肥施用的空间经济学研究”(42071157) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“粮食作物种植化肥施用的减量策略:基于农地与服务规模经营的考察”(2662020JGPYG11)。
关键词 商品化率 化肥用量 劳动力转移 服务外包 农地经营规模 commercialization rate chemical fertilizer application amount labor transfer service outsourcing scale of farmland operation
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