基层政府发展村庄产业的“经营平台”机制——以X村旅游开发为例

The “Operation Platform” Mechanism of Developing Village Industry by Grassroots Government——The Case of Tourism Development in X Village

以贵州省L县X村的旅游开发为例,探讨基层政府发展村庄产业的“经营平台”机制及其逻辑,将“经营平台”机制看作基层政府保持适度自主权的努力。在推动村庄产业发展的过程中,基层政府集中体制内资源与村庄社会合作,合力将村庄打造为带动各方市场参与的“平台”,并保持平台稳定运行,尽可能提高平台交易量并从中抽取“平台利润”,形成一种“经营平台”的治理机制。这一治理机制使得基层政府在一定程度上得以规避体制-市场-社会三重结构的约束,保持在经济活动中的自主权。“经营平台”是基层政府集中有限资源应对制度约束的结果,它在推动村庄产业发展的过程中回应多方诉求,也满足政府自利诉求,但却弱化村庄治理能力,放大经营风险,加重体制负担。

Taking the tourism development of village X in county L of Guizhou province as an example, we explore the “operation platform” mechanism of developing village industries by grassroots government and its logic, and view it as the grassroots government’s efforts to maintain a moderate degree of autonomy. In the process of promoting the development of the village industry, the grass-roots government pools resources within the system and cooperates with the village community to jointly build the village into a “platform” that drives participation of all parties in the market, and keeps the platform running stably, increasing the trading volume of the platform as much as possible and taking “platform profits” from it to develop a governance mechanism of “operating the platform”. This governance mechanism enables the grass-roots government to circumvent the constraints of the system-market-society triple structure to a certain extent and maintain its autonomy in economic activities. The “operation platform” is the result of the grassroots government concentrating limited resources to deal with institutional constraints. In the process of promoting the development of the village industry, it responds to the demands of different parties and satisfies self-interest, but it weakens the village governance ability, magnifies the management risks, and increases the institutional burdens.