西北太平洋海域表层浮游动物群落结构与其环境因子的关系

Community structure of zooplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the surface waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

2020年5月底至8月初在西北太平洋海域(41°11′24″—48°06′09″N,162°15′52″—169°34′09″E)进行了27个站位的浮游动物大面积调查,共鉴定出6个门类,28个浮游动物的主要类群,浮游动物的平均丰度为66.61 ind·m^(-3).该海域浮游动物的优势种为桡足类中的新哲水蚤(Neocalanus plumchrus)和太平洋哲水蚤(Calanus pacificus),其出现频率分别为88.9%和92.6%.浮游动物的平均丰度总体上呈现由北向南降低的趋势,多样性指数高值区主要位于调查海域中东部和东南部.浮游动物群落丰度与环境中叶绿素a(Chla)、PO_(4)^(3-)、SiO_(3)^(2-)具有正相关性,与温度和盐度具有负相关性.研究表明,该海域浮游动物的分布特征与水文环境特征契合度较高,其中温度、盐度及营养盐的分布差异是构成浮游动物空间格局分布差异的主要原因.

In the present study,a field investigation was carried out to reveal the community structure of zooplankton in the Northwest Pacific Ocean(41°11′24″—48°06′09″N,162°15′52″—169°34′09″E)during June to August 2020.The results showed that zooplankton comprised 6 phyla and the average abundance of zooplankton was 66.60 ind·m^(-3).The dominant species of zooplankton in this sea area were Neocalanus plumchrus and Calanus pacificus in copepods,with their occurrence frequencies reaching 88.9%and 92.6%respectively.The average abundance of zooplankton generally decreased from north to south.The high diversity index was mainly located in the middle-east and southeast of the study area.Zooplankton community abundance was positively correlated with Chla,PO_(4)^(3-)and SiO_(3)^(2-),and negatively correlated with temperature and salinity of the seawater.The study suggested that the distribution of zooplankton was tightly coupled with the environmental factors,with temperature,salinity and nutrients as the main controlling elements for its distribution.