基于动态人性观视域的孟子人性论再阐释

A New Interpretation of Mencius’ Theory of Human Nature Based on Dynamic View of Human Nature

孟子以性善为人性本质,同时,人性的生成中也潜存着后天习性面向。基于动态人性观的视域,考察孟子人性论发展的一种可能;在人性立论层面,孟子人性论并非现成的、固定的,而是动态的、生成的;在人性面向层面,孟子人性论潜存着后天习性,由于后天习性的介入,人性面向也由应然转向实然;在主体工夫层面,孟子提出“思诚”联结“诚”与“思”直接面向后天习性,将道德意识转化为道德实践,开显主体的切实道德践履。同时,这一过程也即是孟子人性论的生成与完成,其潜存面向也为孟子人性论的发展提供了新的视域。

Mencius regards good nature as the essence of human nature. At the same time, the formation of human nature also has the latent aspect of acquired habits. Based on the dynamic view of human nature, a possible way to develop Mencius’ theory of human nature is investigated. At the level of human nature, Mencius’ theory of human nature is not ready-made and fixed, but dynamic and generative. On the aspect of human nature, Mencius’ theory of human nature contains acquired habits. Because of the intervention of acquired habits, the aspect of human nature also changes from should to reality. At the level of subject time,Mencius proposes that “Sicheng” links “Cheng” with “Si”, directly facing the acquired habits, transforming moral consciousness into moral practice, and opening the subject’s practical moral practice. At the same time, this process also marks the formation and completion of Mencius’ theory of human nature, and its potential aspect also provides a new vision for the development of Mencius’ theory of human nature.