云南永德‘桂味’与区试品种荔枝果实品质表现

Fruit Quality Performance of Litchi chinensis ‘Guiwei’ and Regional Test Cultivars in Yongde of Yunnan

了解永德县荔枝主栽品种‘桂味’与区试品种果实品质表现,为‘桂味’品质提升和品种改良提供建议。采集30个果园的‘桂味’和7个区试品种荔枝果实,测定分析果实品质,并结合品质加权分、经济效益指数对测试品种进行评分排序。调查花期授粉源和气温以分析‘桂味’焦核率低的原因。结果表明,永德县‘桂味’荔枝平均单果重、可溶性固形物含量和可食率分别为22.53 g、19.27%和76.61%,单果重和可溶性固形物含量优于广东大部分产区;焦核率仅为44.00%,低于广东大部分产区。经济效益指数评价结果显示,7个优新品种荔枝均优于‘桂味’,依据区试品种荔枝果实品质表现,除‘岭丰糯’外其他品种初步判定引种成功‘。桂味’与大核品种‘怀枝’等混种且花期相遇,推测花粉源和授粉期间长时间低温可能是当地‘桂味’大核化的原因之一,提高‘桂味’焦核率是提质增效的技术关键‘。无核荔’‘、贵妃红’‘、冰荔’‘、仙进奉’引种区试表现较为优异,适合作为永德县荔枝的改良品种。

The fruit quality of the major litchi cultivar‘Guiwei’in Yongde County of Yunnan Province and seven other litchi cultivars of regional test were evaluated to make suggestions for the improvement of‘Guiwei’quality and cultivar breeding. The fruit quality of‘Guiwei’and the seven regional test cultivars collected in 30orchards were determined, graded and ranked according to the quality weight-added score and economic benefit index. Meanwhile, the pollination source and air temperature during the flowering period were analyzed to explain the reason of the low aborted-seed rate of‘Guiwei’. The results showed that the average fruit weight, total soluble solids(TSS), and edible percentage of‘Guiwei’were 22.53 g, 19.27%, and 76.61%,respectively. The average fruit weight and TSS of‘Guiwei’from Yongde County were higher than those of‘Guiwei’in most Guangdong litchi producing areas. While, the aborted-seed rate of‘Guiwei’in Yongde was only 44.00%, lower than that in most Guangdong litchi producing areas. The seven regional test cultivars of litchi were better than‘Guiwei’according to the evaluation results of the economic benefit index. According to the data of fruit quality performance of the regional test, the introduction of cultivars was successful except litchi cultivar‘Lingfengnuo’. Mixed-planting of‘Guiwei’with the big kernel cultivar‘Huaizhi’could cause the synchronized flowering period of the two cultivars, and pollination source plus the long-term low temperature during pollination was speculated to be related to the low aborted-seed rate of‘Guiwei’. The present paper suggests that increasing the aborted-seed rate is the key to improve the fruit quality and economic benefits of‘Guiwei’. Some cultivars including‘Wuheli’,‘Guifeihong’,‘Bingli’and‘Xianjinfeng’show excellent performance in the regional test of introduction, and can be the alternatives to improve the local litchi cultivars.