北方地区土壤速效养分及容重对秸秆还田的响应

Response of Soil Available Nutrients and Bulk Density to Straw Returning in North China

本研究旨在探明中国北方地区土壤速效养分及容重对秸秆还田的响应,选择秸秆还田为主要研究目标,通过设置“秸秆还田”、“理化性质”、“华北”、“东北”、“西北”等关键词在中国知网、万方等多个数据库中,筛选出60篇关于秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤改良影响效应和影响因素的文献。采用Meta分析法定量研究土壤速效养分和容重对秸秆还田的响应。结果表明:秸秆还田能够显著(P<0.05)提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量,一定程度上降低土壤容重。华北地区秸秆还田对土壤速效养分的提升效果显著优于东北和西北地区,而对西北地区容重降低效果低于华北和东北地区;中高量秸秆还田(5000~10000 kg/hm^(2)和10000~15000 kg/hm^(2))能够显著提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量,低秸秆还田量(≤5000 kg/hm^(2))对土壤容重并无显著影响,而超高秸秆还田量(>15000 kg/hm^(2))则显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤容重;免耕相比旋耕、深耕、浅耕可以显著(P<0.05)提升土壤有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾的含量,深耕可显著(P<0.05)降低土壤容重;小麦和玉米秸秆均对土壤容重和速效养分的提升有显著效果,但两种作物秸秆间并无显著差异。北方地区推荐中高量秸秆还田配合免耕措施,不仅能够显著增加土壤养分含量,而且可改善土壤理化性质,从而达到培肥地力的效果。

To explore the effects of straw returning on soil available nutrients and bulk density in north China,we set the keywords‘straw returning’,‘physical and chemical properties’,‘north China’,‘northeast China’and‘northwest China’in databases such as CNKI and Wanfang.60 literature about the effects of straw returning on crop yield and soil improvement and the influencing factors were screened.Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively study the response of soil available nutrients and bulk density to straw returning and the influencing factors.The results showed that straw returning could significantly(P<0.05)increase the content of soil organic carbon,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium,and reduce soil bulk density to a certain extent.The improvement of soil available nutrients by straw returning in north China was significantly higher than that in northeast China and northwest China.The reduction effect on soil bulk density in northwest China was lower than that in north China and northeast China.Medium and high amounts of straw returning(5000-10000 kg/hm^(2) and 10000-15000 kg/hm^(2))could significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium.Low amount of straw returning(≤5000 kg/hm^(2))had no significant effect on soil bulk density,while ultra-high amount of straw returning(>15000 kg/hm^(2))significantly decreased soil bulk density(P<0.05).Compared with rotary tillage,deep tillage and shallow tillage,no tillage could significantly(P<0.05)increase the content of soil organic carbon,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium.In addition,deep tillage could significantly(P<0.05)decrease soil bulk density.Both wheat and corn straw had significant effects on the improvement of soil bulk density and available nutrients,but there was no significant difference between the two kinds of straw.Returning medium and high amounts of straw to field combined with no tillage could significantly increase soil basic nutrients’contents and improve soil physical and chemical properties,which is a reasonable way to promote soil fertility in north China.