欧洲畜禽粪便的管理策略与技术

Management Strategy and Technology of Animal Manure in Europe

探讨了欧洲对于畜禽粪便的管理策略与主要技术。欧洲畜禽粪便管理策略的选择是从养殖业发展、环境与经济问题等多视角出发,主要考虑2种情况:一是局部地区养殖业规模适中,养殖场产生的粪便可由本地土地消纳;二是养殖场规模大,粪便产生局部过量,超出当地农田消纳能力,则要考虑粪便的输出与营养去除。主要粪便处理技术包括酸化、固液分离、堆肥、厌氧消化、好氧生物处理、真空蒸发浓缩、热干燥、氨转化利用、过滤与反渗透、植物净化等。

This paper discussed animal manure management strategies and technologies in Europe.The strategies were determined mainly by the development of local animal husbandry and environmental and economic factors.Two situations were discussed:one was that the manure generated by local breeding farms could be applied locally when the scale of animal husbandry was moderate;the other was that the manure produced by local breeding farms exceeded local land carrying capacity.Under the second situation,how to deal with the exceeded manure and remove the nutrients should be considered.Main manure treatment technologies applied in Europe included acidification,solid-liquid separation,composting,anaerobic digestion,aerobic biological treatment,concentration by vacuum evaporation,thermal drying,ammonia stripping and absorption,filtration and reverse osmosis,plant purification,etc.