山西省设施农业蜂授粉情况调查

Investigation on Bee Pollination Status in Facility Agriculture in Shanxi Province

为了解山西省设施农业蜂授粉发展现状,通过实地走访、现场座谈调查、电话访谈3种调查方式对山西省运城、忻州、吕梁等8个地区以及临猗、原平等13个县的设施农业蜂授粉应用情况、农药的使用情况、蜂授粉技术推广存在问题等进行调查。结果表明,设施农业授粉方式呈现多元化发展趋势,主要有蜂授粉、人工对花、人工喷施激素授粉、机械授粉等;从授粉需求方面看,瓜果类蜂授粉需求较高,使用蜂授粉较多,可能与适口性有关;经营规模和模式不同采用的授粉方式不同,有机农业生产、采摘观光、规模较大的园区和种植大户使用蜜蜂和熊蜂授粉较多,以实现绿色生产和节约劳动成本。设施农业防治病虫害多使用杀菌剂和杀虫剂,影响授粉蜂的使用和授粉效果。

To understand the current situation of bee pollination in facility agriculture in Shanxi Province, the application of bee pollination, the use of pesticides and the problems in the application of bee pollination technology were investigated in 8 cities such as Yuncheng, Xinzhou and Lvliang, and 13 counties such as Linyi and Yuanping by three methods of on-the-spot visit, on-the-spot survey, and telephone interview. The results show that the pollination patterns in facility agriculture are diversified, including bee pollination, artificial pollination of male flowers to female flowers by hand, artificial pollination by spraying hormone, mechanical pollination, etc. Melons and fruits cultivated in facility agriculture require more bee pollination. The high use of bee pollination may be related to palatability. Different operation scales and modes need different pollination patterns, and bee and bumblebee pollination are used more in organic agricultural production, large-scale planting gardens for harvesting and sightseeing, and large-scale agricultural parks, to achieve green production and save labor costs. Fungicides and insecticides are often used in facility agriculture to control pests and diseases, which can affect the use of pollinating bees and the effect of pollination.