土地确权对农业生产率的影响——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的双重差分研究

How does land titling affect agricultural productivity: a differences-in-differences study based on China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data

土地产权的明晰界定对于农业生产率增长具有重要意义,中国新一轮渐进式的土地确权改革为探究两者的关系提供了一个良好的外生自然实验。使用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013年和2015年两轮追踪面板数据,利用村庄间的土地确权进度差异构造多时点双重差分(Staggered DID)模型,检验土地确权对农业生产率的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,土地确权显著提高了农户的农业生产率,在修正样本选择性偏差、处理内生性问题、替换生产率测度指标等一系列稳健性检验后,该结果依然显著成立。进一步分析发现,土地确权对农业生产率的影响在不同土地规模、不同地区和不同生产率水平的农户之间存在异质性,对于土地规模较大、东部地区,以及农业生产率较高的农户,由确权导致的生产率增长效应显著更大。机制检验表明,土地确权的生产率增长效应主要是通过促进农户间土地流转和增加农业生产性投资实现的,而通过提高信贷可获得性促进农业生产率的机制尚未发挥作用。

Clearly defined land property rights are important for agricultural productivity growth,and the new round of progressive land titling reforms in China provides a good exogenous natural experiment to explore the relationship between the two.Based on the two rounds of tracking panel data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)in 2013 and 2015,a continuous difference-in-differences(Staggered DID)model was constructed by utilizing the progress differences of land titling between villages to test the effect of land titling on agricultural productivity and the mechanism of action.It was revealed that the land titling significantly increased agricultural productivity of farm households,and the result was significantly robust after undergoing a series of tests including corrections for sample selection bias,dealing with endogeneity problems,and replacing productivity measurement indexes.Further analysis showed that the effect of land titling on agricultural productivity was heterogeneous across farmers with different land sizes,regions and productivity levels,and for farmers with larger land sizes,higher agricultural productivity,or in the east regions,the productivity growth effect caused by titling was significantly greater.The mechanism test showed that the productivity growth effect of land titling was mainly achieved through promoting land transfer among farmers and increasing productivity-oriented investment in agriculture,while the mechanism of promoting agricultural productivity by increasing credit availability was not effective.