近10年我国特殊教育公平程度实证分析——基于教育基尼系数的比较

An Empirical Study on the Equity Degree of Special Education in China in Recent Ten Years:A Comparison Based on the Gini Coefficient of Education

基于2011—2020年6岁以上残疾人平均受教育年限和教育基尼系数的测算结果,分析我国东、中、西部区域间及区域内各省(自治区、直辖市)特殊教育发展状况。结果表明:我国特殊教育公平程度有所提高,教育基尼系数由2011年的0.313下降至2020年的0.308,整体处于相对合理阶段,平均受教育年限在6.33—6.53年之间,受教育程度普遍处于小学阶段,但仍有近一半的省份未达到全国的平均水平。区域间特殊教育发展不均衡,东部与中部特殊教育公平差距呈缩小趋势,西部与中部特殊教育公平差距呈缩小趋势,东部与西部特殊教育公平差距较大且呈扩大趋势。特殊教育不公平程度呈现出西高东低的趋势,西部各省的教育公平差距最大。

Based on the calculation results of average years of education and Gini coefficient of education for people with disability over 6 years old from 2011 to 2020,this paper analyzes the development of special education among the eastern,central and western regions of China and among provinces(autonomous region and cities).The results show that the degree of special education equity in China has been improved to certain extent,and the Gini coefficient of education has decreased from 0.313 in 2011 to 0.308 in 2020,which is at a relatively reasonable stage overall.The average years of education are between 6.33 to 6.53 years and the education degree is generally in primary school.However,nearly half of the provinces still do not reach the national average.The development of special education is uneven between regions,with the gap in special education equity between the east and the centre showing a narrowing trend,the gap in education equity between the west and the centre showing a narrowing trend,and the gap in education equity between the east and the west showing a larger and widening trend.There is a trend that the degree of special educational unfairness is high in the west and low in the east,and the gap of educational fairness in western provinces is the largest.