利用早代定向筛选与联合鉴定技术选育专用型甘薯品种的研究

Research of Specialised Varieties Breeding Using Early Generation Directed Screening and Joint Identification Techniques in Sweet Potato

为了提高专用型甘薯品种选育的效率,满足多元化消费市场的实时需求,本文结合研究团队近年来的育种实践经验,探索了利用早代定向筛选与联合鉴定技术选育专用型甘薯品种的方法。首先依据品质相关农艺性状对种质资源进行分类,充分利用中间亲本的轮回改良策略加快品质相关基因资源的聚合速度,利用分子标记辅助选择与品质性状精细鉴定相结合的方法,完成高花色苷、高胡萝卜素等鲜食专用型株系的筛选,实现杂交子代早代的精准鉴定。在种质资源鉴定与利用的基础上,将传统“五圃”选育法中的复选圃、鉴定圃、高鉴圃环节整合为联合鉴定圃,将鲜薯的增产、稳产潜力以及抗性的考察整合到联合鉴定圃与品比圃鉴定环节完成,从而在4~5年时间内完成杂交子代的精准鉴定,极大地提高育种效率。育种实践证明,改良后的技术对品质相关性状的遗传改良切实可行。随着关键农艺性状相关有效分子标记的开发,该育种技术将拥有更为广阔的应用前景。

This research explored the early generation directed screening and joint identification techniques to improve the specialised varieties breeding efficiency of sweet potato for the real-time needs of a diverse consumer market.Firstly,the germplasm resources were classified according to quality-related agronomic traits,and the rotational improvement strategy of intermediate parents were applied to accelerate the aggregation of quality-related genetic resources.On this basis,a combination of molecular marker-assisted selection and fine identification of quality traits was used to screen the fresh food-specific strains with high anthocyanins and high carotenoids.At the same time,in the process of excellent new germplasm screening,the re-election nursery,generation identification nursery and senior generation identification nursery from the traditional five nursery were integrated into the joint identification nursery.The examination contents of the yield increase,stable yield potential and resistance of cultivars were also adjusted to the joint identification nursery.This entire breeding process was completed within 4-5 years,which significantly improved breeding efficiency.Breeding practice has shown that the directional selection strategies of early generation for major quality-related traits was feasible in sweet potato.With the development of effective molecular markers related to key agronomic traits,this breeding technology will show more promi-sing applications in the future.