孤独症儿童父母照顾负担及疾病认知的影响机制分析

Caregiver burden among parents of children with autism: the mechanism of illness cognition

目的调查孤独症儿童父母的照顾负担和疾病认知,分析疾病认知对照顾负担的影响。方法方便抽取温州市3所孤独症儿童康复机构的215名孤独症儿童父母,利用一般人口学资料、Zarit照顾者负担量表和疾病认知问卷进行调查,采用分层回归分析进行调节效应检验。结果孤独症儿童父母的照顾负担总分(40.00±16.85)分,疾病认知中的无助感为(15.11±4.39)分,接纳为(15.60±3.75)分,感知益处为(16.77±4.00)分。控制人口学变量后,无助感可正向预测照顾负担,感知益处可负向预测照顾负担(均P<0.05);感知益处在无助感与照顾负担间具有调节作用(R2=0.012,P<0.05)。结论孤独症儿童父母的照顾负担水平较高,感知益处可缓解无助感对照顾负担的影响。医护人员需促进孤独症儿童父母的积极认知,以缓解消极认知对照顾负担的影响。

Objective To investigate the levels of caregiver burden and illness cognition of parents of autistic children, and to analyze the impact of illness cognition on caregiver burden. Methods Using convenience sampling method, 215 parents of autistic children in three autistic children rehabilitation institutions in Wenzhou were investigated. The instruments included a demographic data questionnaire, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and the Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression was performed to examine the moderation effect. Results The participants scored 40.00±16.85 on caregiver burden, 15.11±4.39 on helplessness in illness cognition, 15.60±3.75 on acceptance, and 16.77±4.00 on perceived benefits, respectively. After controlling demographic variables, parents′ helplessness positively predicted whereas perceived benefits negatively predicted, caregiver burden(both P<0.05). Perceived benefits moderated the impact of helplessness on caregiver burden(R~2=0.012, P<0.05). Conclusion Parents of autistic children experience high level of caregiver burden, and their perceived benefits buffer the impact of helplessness on caregiver burden. Medical staff need to promote positive cognition of parents of autistic children to alleviate the impact of negative cognition on caregiver burden.