代际正义的正当性依据:免于伤害和分配补偿

Justification for Intergenerational Justice:Freedom from Harm and Distributive Compensation

社会公正在空间维度主要处理代内关系,在时间维度需要处理代际关系。代际正义通过论证未来世代享有道德意义上的权利和义务对当代人的理论和行为进行引导。代际权利和代际义务可以通过两个标准衡量社会公正延伸至未来世代的程度,即免于伤害和分配补偿。免于伤害保障未来世代生存的正当需要,适当地调整当代人任性的思维和行动;分配补偿注重改善最不利者的现存的不平等,增进未来世代受到公正对待的平等价值。据此标准,代际正义可以分为三个发展阶段,即尚未确立的代际正义、基本限度的代际正义和高等级限度的代际正义。代际正义具有发展为现实的内在动力,也存在限定条件,化为现实取决于当今世代以其标准推进间接互惠和保持净积累的能力。

Social justice deals primarily with intra-generational relations in the spatial dimension and requires intergenerational justice to deal with intergenerational relations in the temporal dimension.Intergenerational justice guides the theories and behaviors of the present generation by arguing that future generations have rights and obligations in a moral sense.Intergenerational rights and obligations can measure the extent to which social justice extends to future generations by two criteria,namely,freedom from harm and distributive compensation.Freedom from harm safeguards the legitimate needs of future generations for survival and appropriately regulates the capricious thinking and actions of the present generation;distributive compensation focuses on ameliorating existing inequalities for the most disadvantaged and promoting the equal value of fair treatment for future generations.According to this criterion,intergenerational justice can be divided into three stages of development,namely,intergenerational justice that has not yet been established,intergenerational justice with basic limits,and intergenerational justice with high hierarchical limits.Intergenerational justice has an intrinsic motivation to develop into a reality,but there are also qualifications,and its transformation into a reality depends on the ability of present generations to advance indirect reciprocity and maintain net accumulation by its standards.