王船山函三为一的生时尽孝思想

Wang Chuanshan’s Thought of Filial Piety for Living

王船山生时尽孝的思想内涵非常丰富,但可以用“函三为一”的结构将其统括。在“函三为一”中,“三”即尊亲、弗辱、能养,“一”则是指尊亲、弗辱、能养三者统合于以“爱敬之心”为基本依据的孝亲这一行为。尊亲、弗辱、能养的基本结构涵摄了众多具体的孝道内容:“尊亲”要求虔敬地尊敬父母,而不是通过尊敬父母来抬高自己,具有不可违逆性、等差性和纯粹无私性;“弗辱”则是“不敢轻”,广涉“志道”“顺亲”“谏亲”“爱身”等;“能养”不仅涵括物质之“养”,还涵括精神之“养”,二者缺一不可,但在重要性上精神之“养”更胜一筹。

The connotation of Wang Chuanshan’s filial piety is very rich,but it can be summarized by the structure of"three letters as one".The"three"of this"three letters are one"specifically refers to respect for relatives,freedom from humiliation and ability to support parents;The"one"of"three letters are one"mainly indicates that the three are integrated into the behavior of filial piety based on"love and respect".The basic structure of respecting relatives,freedom from humiliation and being able to support parents contains many specific contents of filial piety:"respect for relatives"requires reverently respecting parents,rather than raising oneself by respecting parents.It has inviolability,equality and pure selflessness."Freedom from humiliation"is"dare not be light",and its content covers"ambition","obedience to relatives","remonstrance to relatives","love the body",etc."Support parents"includes not only material"nurturing",but also spiritual"nurturing".In terms of content,both are indispensable.In terms of importance,spiritual"nurturing"is better than others.