不同倍径对2A12铝合金深度铣削加工实验研究

Experimental Research on Depth Milling of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy with Different Diameters

在用加工中心对工件深度铣削的加工过程中,随着铣削深度的增加,机床夹头夹持刀杆的悬空长度也相应增加,刀尖切削刃相对去除材料面发生轻微振颤,通常产生振刀纹路现象,严重影响精密产品的加工合格率。在相同的切削参数下,为了提高深度铣削工件表面质量及降低加工轮廓上下面的锥度,对刀具直径与倍径的关系进行研究,即刀径确定后所对应铣削深度的极限值。文中针对航空航天领域常用材料2A12铝合金工件,以不同直径的刀具在不同倍径下进行加工,研究发现刀具在6倍径以下时轮廓锥度及表面质量较好,可实现精加工,同时在6~10倍径范围内刀具使用性能及加工状态满足半精加工或者开粗,而当加工刀具超过10倍径时,轮廓刀痕较为明显,工件表面粗糙度出现突变现象,增大的斜度较为明显,刀具切削刃磨损较大,使用寿命大大降低,不满足航空零部件的高精密加工。

During the deep milling process of the machining center, the suspended length of the tool holder supported by the machine tool chuck also increases accordingly with the increase of the milling depth, and the cutting edge of the tool tip and the surface of the material to be removed vibrate slightly, usually resulting in the phenomenon of vibrating tool lines, which seriously affects the pass rate of precision machined products. Under the same cutting parameters, in order to improve the surface quality of the workpiece for deep milling and reduce the taper on the top and bottom of the machining profile, the relationship between the tool diameter and the double diameter is studied, that is, the limit value of the corresponding milling depth after the tool diameter is determined. 2A12 aluminum alloy workpiece are processed using tools with different diameters under different double diameters. Within the range of 10 times the diameter, the performance and processing state of the tool meet the requirements of semi-finishing or roughing, and when the machining tool exceeds10 times the diameter, the contour tool marks are more obvious, the surface roughness of the workpiece is abruptly changed, and the increased inclination is relatively obviously, the cutting edge of the tool wears greatly, and the service life is greatly reduced, which is not suitable for the high-precision machining of aerospace parts.