竹类植物遗传育种研究进展

Research Advances in Bamboo Genetics and Breeding

作为森林植物的重要组成部分,竹类植物在维持生态平衡、保持物种多样性、减缓气候变化、防止水土流失等多方面发挥着积极作用,国际社会对竹资源开发利用的高度关注促进了竹产业的持续快速发展。良种是产业发展的基石,竹子专用品种的缺乏是限制其工业化利用的重要因素,因此竹类植物的遗传育种已成为竹学领域研究的焦点。文章对竹类植物遗传育种中的变异来源、种类识别、育种现状进行了系统总结,尤其是对选择育种、杂交育种、分子育种、智能化育种和新品种审定进行重点概述。针对竹类植物遗传学理论基础薄弱、内在固有遗传障碍和育种技术瓶颈问题,提出了构建遗传学理论、加强种质资源保护与评价和突破育种技术瓶颈的应对策略,以期为竹类植物的新品种选育提供参考。

As an important part of forest plants,bamboo plants play an active role in maintaining ecological balance,keeping species diversity,mitigating climate change,reducing water and soil loss,etc.The development and utilization of bamboo plants has received high attention from the international community,which have been promoting the sustainable and high-speed development of bamboo industry.Improved varieties are the cornerstone of industrial development,while the lack of varieties for specific use is the key limiting factor for the industrialized utilization of bamboo.Thus,the genetic breeding of bamboo plants has become a research focus in the field of bamboo science.This paper systematically summarizes the bamboo sources of variation,identification of species and current situation of breeding,especially focuses on selective breeding,cross breeding,molecular breeding,intelligent breeding and new variety approval.In view of the problems arising in bamboo genetics and breeding,such as weak base of theory,inherent genetic barriers and bottlenecks in bamboo breeding technology,this paper puts forward strategies for constructing genetic theory,strengthening germplasm resources protection and evaluation,and breaking through breeding technology bottlenecks,with a view to providing reference for breeding new varieties of bamboo plants.