创业机会如何开发?基于三种机会观比较

How to Exploit Entrepreneurial Opportunities?Based on the Comparison of Three Views of Opportunity

创业机会研究形成了发现型、构建型和创造型三种创业机会观。然而既有研究重视机会来源和识别却忽视了机会识别后该如何开发的问题,造成了不同机会观下的机会开发过程依然处于“黑箱”状态,导致无法提供“可靠且有用的知识”促进创业实践。为破解“黑箱”,首先对机会开发过程进行解构,强调机会链接至少与机会识别具有同等重要的意义;其次,对三种机会观视域下的创业机会开发路径、实施情境以及对创业者要求进行区分与比较。对理解三种机会观视域下的机会开发过程具有重要理论贡献,基于理论研究成果进一步诠释了改革开放后中国创业实践历程,提出中国科技创新创业趋势,并展望了未来创业机会开发的研究议题。

Entrepreneurial opportunity research has developed three views of entrepreneurial opportunities:discovery,construction,and creation.However,the existing studies focus on the source and identification of opportunities but neglect the issue of how to develop opportunities after identification,resulting in a“black-box”state in the opportunity development process under different opportunity perspectives,which seriously leads to the failure to provide“reliable and useful knowledge”for entrepreneurial practice.To unfold the“black box”,especially to further understand the process of opportunity exploitation under different views of opportunity after opportunity identification.Firstly,this paper emphasizes that opportunity exploitation should be explored from three perspectives of opportunity and highlights that opportunity articulation is at least as necessary as opportunity identification.Secondly,the paper makes a nuanced comparison among the three types of opportunities in terms of their exploitation processes,the contexts of implementation,and requirements for entrepreneurs.We make critical theoretical contributions to understanding the process of opportunity exploitation from the perspective of three different kinds of opportunity views.Based on the study findings,we further explain the course of China’s entrepreneurial practice after the reform and opening up,put forward the trend of China’s innovation and entrepreneurship,and propose related research topics in the future.