道德指责:意义、限度与引导

Moral Blame: Meaning, Limits and Guidance

对他人道德错误表达否定态度,就是道德指责。道德指责发生的前提是他人的“可指责性”。他人道德错误的受害者、相关者可以成为指责主体,在一定条件下,旁观者也可以成为指责主体。道德指责有多重意义,既是道德情感的表达、对道德错误的抵抗,也是对自我尊严与道德规范的维护。但道德指责有其限度,包括依据限度、程度限度、目的方法限度。网络空间的道德指责,很容易滑向道德绑架,年轻一代的道德指责素养迫切需要教育引导。这种引导可以从树立“正确的错误观”,以指责取代批评,学习文明指责等方面入手。

The definition of moral blame is holding a negative attitude toward other peoples’ moral wrongs. Others’ blameworthy is the precondition for the occurrence of moral blame. The victims and relevant persons of others’ moral wrongs can be the subject of blame, and under certain conditions, the bystanders can also be the subject of blame. The significance of moral blame lies in that it is not only the expression of moral feelings, and resistance to moral wrongs, but also the maintenance of self-dignity and moral norms. However, moral blame has its limits, including the limits of basis, degree, purpose, and method. Moral blame in cyberspace is easy to slide into moral abduction, so the moral blame literacy of the younger generation is in urgent need of education and guidance. This kind of guidance can start from building up properviews on errors, replacing blame with criticism, learning and mastering civilized blame and so on.