论关怀伦理学对道德教育的建构——性别视角的审视

On the Construction of Moral Education by the Caring Ethics from the Perspective of Gender

性别与道德教育是关怀伦理学的重要议题,关怀伦理学通过揭示性别与道德教育的关系,一方面表明一种隐含非正义性的性别德性观教育已经成为道德教育长久以来的重要特质,另一方面则努力证明性别差异对发展道德教育具有建构性意义。通过对性别与道德关系的考辨、把握和建构,关怀伦理学从对道德标准与道德发展路线的重构主张对道德教育进行变革,并试图建立一种具有普遍性的“学会关怀”的道德教育范式。在性别视角的审视下,这种“学会关怀”的道德教育不仅没有触及到我们作为性别的存在,对一种关怀关系的强调也没有充分体现出对我们在道德上的现实的性别关系的价值观照。同时,这种“学会关怀”的道德教育更没有深入到对基于性别的两种隐含非正义性的道德规范的批判与重构。在这一意义上,关怀伦理学所做出的发展道德教育的努力应当被视为一次未完成的启蒙,需要结合承认伦理、连结伦理和共同体伦理的价值理念进一步发展“学会关怀”的道德教育,使其成为一种能够安置性别及其要求的“特殊的普遍主义”。

The relationship between gender and moral education is an important topic of the caring ethics.By revealing the relationship between gender and moral education,the caring ethics,on the one hand,shows that the education of gender virtue with implicitly injustice,which has become an important feature of moral education for a long time,and on the other hand,it tries to prove that gender difference has constructive significance for the development of moral education.By identifying,grasping and constructing the relationship between gender and morality,the caring ethics advocates the reform of moral education through the reconstruction of moral standards and moral development routes,and attempts to establish a universal moral education paradigm of“learning to care”.From the perspective of gender,this kind of moral education of“learning to care”not only fails to touch our existence as gender,but also fails to fully reflect the value of our morally realistic gender relations,and fails to go deeper into the criticism and reconstruction of two implicit unjust moral norms based on gender.In this sense,we see the efforts to develop moral education from the caring ethics as an unfinished enlightenment,which requires to redevelop the moral education of“learning to care”in combination with the values of the ethics of recognition,connection and community,so as to make it a“special universalism”that can accommodate gender and its requirements.