“重行新政”时期留日浪潮涌起之动因探析

The Analysis of the Motivation for the Surge Wave of Studying in Japan during “Re-implementing New Deal”

晚清政府在内忧外患的逼迫下,为维护其统治根基,不得不接续“百日维新”之遗绪“重行新政”。变制需要人才,人才需要培养。但当时国内教育无法培养新式人才,只能仰赖出洋留学来达成。晚清政府采取的鼓励官绅东渡取经和奖劝学生留学东瀛的两大强力措施推动了留日浪潮的形成,“自强”运动所确立的“中体西用”思想的中庸选择是留学日本的行动指南,知识精英“新民德”“开民智”的呐喊在观念层面促成了留日浪潮的兴起,而留学日本“同文”“费省”的两大优势则助推了留日浪潮。

Forced by internal and external turmoil, the government of late Qing Dynasty had to carry on “Re-implement New Deal” after “Hundred Days Reform” in order to maintain the foundation of its ruling. The reform of system needs talents, while talents need to be cultivated. But at that time, domestic education could not cultivate this kind of new talents, so it had to rely on overseas study to achieve. The government of late Qing Dynasty took two powerful measures: to encourage officials and gentry to go to the east to learn classics, and to encourage students to study in Japan, which were the formation of the surge wave of studying in Japan. The mean choice of “western exploitation on chinese system” theory established during “self-strengthening” movement is the guide of action for the surge wave of studying in Japan. The intellectual elite’s cries for “new virtue” and “intellectual development” contributes to rise the surge wave of studying in Japan at the conceptual level. Two major advantages of “the similar culture” and “less expense” promote the surge wave of studying in Japan.