扶贫资源配置对低收入农户收入影响——以青海省18村为例

Impact of poverty alleviation resource allocation on income of rural low-income farmer households: A case of 18 villages in Qinghai Province

防止致贫返贫、建立脱贫长效机制是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的关键落脚点。探究低收入农户收入情况及其影响因素可为建立预防致贫返贫机制提供思路和借鉴。基于青海省3县18个行政村农户调查数据,从农户角度将所访低收入农户收入特征进行分析。借助地理探测器模型和Tobit模型研究影响农户收入和收入结构的影响因子,确定因子的解释力和显著性,并结合分析结果提出政策建议。结果表明:(1)低收入农户的家庭总收入增长明显,增收效果明显,脱贫攻坚成效显著。(2)通过扶贫资源配置,农户增收意愿与内生动力明显提升,工资性收入成为农户的主要收入来源。(3)收入影响单因子解释力有很大差异,且双因子交互作用驱动力均高于单一因子。其中劳动力人数和建档立卡人数交互后影响力最大。(4)公共性扶贫资源配置对农户的收入结构影响显著,不同的收入渠道影响因子各不相同。在收入提升阶段应重点关注贡献程度较高的影响因子。

Preventing poverty from returning and establishing a long-term mechanism for poverty eradication are the key footholds for consolidating and expanding the achievement of poverty eradication. Exploring the income of low-income farmer households and its influencing factors can provide ideas and reference for establishing a mechanism that could prevent poverty and return to poverty. Based on the survey data of farmer households in 18 administrative villages in three counties of Qinghai Province, China, this study analyzes the income characteristics of low-income farmer households from a farmer’s perspective. With the help of the geographic detector and Tobit models, this study investigates the influencing factors affecting the income of farmer households and their income structure, determines the explanatory power and significance of these factors, and puts forward policy suggestions combined with the analysis results. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) the total household income of low-income farmer households has significantly increased;the effect of this increasing income is obvious;and the effect of poverty alleviation is remarkable.(2) the willingness of farmer households to increase income and endogenous power has been significantly improved by the allocation of poverty alleviation resources;wage income has also become the main source of income for farmer households.(3) the explanatory power of a single factor of income impact has great differences, and the driving force of a two-factor interaction is higher than that of the single factor action;the labor force and the number of poor households are the most significant driving forces of the interaction.(4) The allocation of public poverty alleviation resources significantly affects the income structure of farmer households, and the influencing factors of different income channels differ. In the income promotion stage, we should focus on the influencing factors with a high contribution.