海南文昌人工鱼礁区浮游动物群落特征与环境因子相关性

Zooplankton Community Characteristics and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Artificial Reefs ofWenchang,Hainan

【目的】研究人工鱼礁生态区浮游动物种群分布和群落结构变化规律以及对主要环境因子响应机制。【方法】于2019年3月和9月对海南文昌人工鱼礁附近海域展开调查研究,各获取7个站位的样品数据,通过形态鉴定与Pearson相关性分析,比较浮游动物的群落特征,并探讨其季节性差异的影响因素。【结果与结论】鱼礁生态区共鉴定浮游动物48科61属79种,浮游幼体19类;春季53属65种,秋季45属53种;分为暖温带类群、暖水沿岸类群和暖水广布类群三个生态类群。优势种随季节的变化而更替,春季以鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)和锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)为主,秋季则以瘦歪水蚤(Tortanus gracilis)和肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)等种类组成。浮游动物种类数、物种丰富度、丰度和生物量整体呈现为春季大于秋季,尤其是丰度、生物量呈极显著差异性(P<0.01),而多样性指数、均匀度则反之。海洋理化环境因子与浮游动物相关参数存在相关性,春季水温、NH4-N质量浓度为主要环境限制因子,与丰度、均匀度和多样性指数存在显著负相关性(P<0.05),而种类数、丰富度与NH4-N质量浓度间则呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01);秋季浮游动物生物量则与pH、溶解氧质量浓度存在不同程度的显著负相关性(P<0.05、P<0.01)。

【Objective】To study the community structure characteristics and distribution of zooplankton and their response mechanisms to marine environmental factors in artificial reefs.【Method】The community structures in samples obtained from 7 stations in artificial reefs of Wenchang,Hainan Province in March and September 2019 were investigated,characteristics of zooplankton community were compared and analyzed,and the influencing factors were explored by morphological identification and Pearson correlation analysis.【Result and Conclusion】A total of 79 species of zooplankton belonging to 61 genera within 48 family,and 19 species of pelagic larvae were identified in artificial reefs,with 65 species belonging to 53 genera in spring,and 53 species belonging to 45 genera in autumn,respectively.The identified zooplankton were further categorized into warm temperate group,warm water coastal group,and warm water widespread group.Predominant species were mainly composed of Penilia avirostris and Temora turbinata in spring,while Tortanus gracilis and Sagitta enflata in autumn.The species number,species richness,abundance,biomass in spring were higher than those in fall,of which the abundance and biomass were varied significantly,while the diversity index and evenness were vice versa.Besides,there was a correlation between zooplankton parameters and physicochemical environmental factors,with obvious seasonal differences.Temperature,NH4-N in spring as the main impact factors,had a marked negative correlation with abundance,evenness and diversity index;there was a notable positive relationship between species,richness.While biomass of zooplankton showed a significant negative correlation with pH and dissolved oxygen during autumn.