人类基因编辑的伦理风险与法律规制

Ethical Risk and Legal Regulation of Human Gene Editing

生命科学技术的迅速发展对人类社会的发展产生了重大影响,特别是基因编辑婴儿的出现引发了人们对人类基因编辑技术的广泛关注,基因编辑行为涉及人类尊严、人类价值、技术理性、生育自由并打破既有的社会伦理观念,当前对于人类基因编辑技术存在支持与反对两种观点。本文从“贺建奎编辑基因婴儿”一案出发,介绍人类基因编辑技术的应用,阐述了学界对基因编辑的争议,结合我国现有法律提出完善建议。人是社会生活的目的而非工具,故对基因编辑技术规制应遵循人类利益至上原则和比例原则,平衡科技发展与伦理尊严和自然价值之间的关系,实现技术向善目标。

The rapid development of life science and technology has had a significant impact on the development of human society. In particular, the emergence of gene-edited babies has aroused extensive attention to human gene editing technology. Gene editing involves human dignity, human value, technical rationality,reproductive freedom and breaks existing social ethical concepts. At present,there are two viewpoints for and against human gene editing technology. Based on the case of“He Jiankui Editing Gene Baby”,this paper introduces the application of human gene editing technology,expounds the controversy of gene editing in the academic community,and puts forward suggestions for improvement in light of the existing laws in China. Human beings are the purpose of social life rather than tools. Therefore,the regulation of gene editing technology should follow the principle of human interests first and the principle of proportion, balance the relationship between scientific and technological development,ethical dignity and natural value,and achieve the goal of technological improvement.