变革与妥协——废医存药论下的民国废止中医案

Reform and Compromise——the Case of Abolition of Chinese Medicine under the Theory of Abolishing Medicine and Preserving Medicine

在西医的冲击渗透和中医内部的负面影响的共同作用下,清末民初产生了“废医存药”思潮,主张完全改植西方医学体系。受此影响,民国初年学制改革中唯独漏列中医。虽然业界力争,却被当局以不合教育原理为由所拒绝。至1929年,中央卫生委员会议决《规定旧医登记案原则》,实为废止中医。此举激起中医药界抗争,两次集会请愿、联合工商界,并在舆论上加大攻势,迫使政府撤销先前法令。在中医药界的努力下,最终成立了国医馆并出台《中医条例》,确立了中医药的法律地位。在废与不废之间,折射出的是西医界与当局意图变革却最终双方妥协的事实和中医药内在顽强的生命力。

Under the influence of the impact of western medicine and the negative influence of Chinese medicine, the trend of“ abolishing medicine and saving medicine” emerged in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,advocating a complete change to the western medical system. Affected by this,the reform of the academic system in the early years of the Republic of China only missed the list of traditional Chinese medicine.Despite the industry’s efforts,they were rejected by the authorities as uneducational. By 1929,the Central Health Commission had decided on the Principle of Stipulating the Registration of Old Doctors,effectively abolishing TCM.The move prompted protests in the Chinese medical community, two petitions, a coalition with the business community,and an intensified public opinion campaign to force the government to rescind the previous decree. With the efforts of the traditional Chinese medicine community, the National Medical Center was established and the Regulations on Traditional Chinese Medicine was issued, establishing the legal status of traditional Chinese medicine. Between disuse and non-disuse, it reflects the fact that the western medical circle and the authorities intended to reform but finally both sides compromised and the indomitable vitality of TCM.