桃无性系砧木不定根形成影响因子研究

Study on Factors Affecting Adventitious Formation of Peach Clone Rootstock

为明确桃无性系砧木扦插不定根形成影响因子,给桃砧木无性系繁育提供技术指导。以桃无性系砧木GF677一年生绿枝为试材,观测了外源激素、插穗性状等因素对生根率和根系形态的影响。结果表明,外源激素IBA 200 mg/L和组合浓度IBA 120 mg/L+NAA 80 mg/L是最佳扦插浓度,生根率为96.6%和93.3%。插穗长度为15~20 cm,留3~4个半叶,且直径为3.5~5.0 mm的较嫩枝为最佳插穗,生根率保持在92.6%以上。适宜蘸根时间为10 s,基质为纯珍珠岩,或蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭按体积比1∶1∶1配制,生根率是93.5%和89.7%。6月中旬至7月中旬扦插生根率在91.9%以上。综上认为,桃无性系砧木插穗扦插前需对枝条进行连续喷施15%多效唑可湿性粉剂500倍液,或3 g/kg磷酸二氢钾水溶液5次,长15~20 cm、留3~4个半叶、直径为3.5~5.0 mm的嫩枝插穗在IBA 200 mg/L溶液或IBA 120 mg/L+NAA 80 mg/L溶液中浸泡10 s,7月中旬扦插在纯珍珠岩或配方基质中(蛭石、珍珠岩、草炭体积比为1∶1∶1),会获得最高生根率。

To understand the factors affecting adventitious root formation of peach clonal rootstockand to provide references for the clonal breeding of peach rootstock.Peach clone rootstock GF677 was used as the test material,and the responses of rooting rate and root morphology to exogenous hormones,cutting characters were studied.The results showed that exogenous hormone IBA at 200 mg/L and combination concentration IBA 120 mg/L plus NAA 80 mg/L were the best cutting concentration,the rooting rates were 96.6%and 93.3%.The length of cuttings was 15 to 20 cm with 3 to 4 half leaves left and the tender branches with a diameter of 3.5 to 5 mm were the best cuttings,which could maintain the rooting rate over 92.6%.The root dipping time was 10 s,the matrix was pure perlite or vermiculite,perlite and peat were prepared according to the volume ratio of 1∶1∶1,and the rooting rate was 93.5%and 89.7%,respectively.It was determined that the best time for green branch cutting in northwest China was from mid June to mid July with a rooting rate over 91.9%.To sum up,peach clonal rootstock breeding technology system to obtain the highest rooting rate was summarized as belowed:before cutting,spraying paclobutrazol or KH2PO4 on the branches for 5 consecutive times,for the cuttings,the length was of 15 to 20 cm with 3 to 4 half leaves left and a diameter of 3.5 to 5.0 mm dipped into IBA at 200 mg/L or IBA at 120 mg/L plus NAA at 80 mg/L for 10 s,grafting could be conducted in mid July with the matrix using pure perlite or vermiculite,perlite and peat prepared at the volume ratio of 1∶1∶1.