醉驾认定标准的合理性质疑及替代性建构——基于实证分析的视角

Doubt on the Rationality and Alternative Construction of Drunk Driving Identification Standard——Based on Empirical Analysis

醉酒型危险驾驶罪在维护道路安全、保障人民生命健康权益方面卓有成效,但也暴露出挤压司法资源、处罚范围失范等问题。其根源在于醉驾认定标准存在一定缺陷,仅凭血酒含量即入罪忽视了个体的生理差异与犯罪侵害法益的本质,实质上扩大了犯罪圈,违反了刑法的谦抑精神。建立以比例原则为指导,血酒含量为认定基础,眼动测试、平衡性测试、模拟路况反应等检测为阻却要素的阶层认定标准可以更加合理地框定犯罪圈,平衡刑法的保障机能与保护机能,藉以实现刑法在应对风险社会、推动法治现代化建设上的关键作用。

The crime of drunk driving is effective in maintaining road safety and protecting people’s life and health, but it also exposes problems, such as squeezing judicial resources and blurring the penalty range whose root lies in the defective identification standard of drunk driving. Someone is convicted to commit crimes only based on his blood alcohol content alone, ignoring physiological differences of individuals and the infringement of legal interests.The existing identification standard expands the circle of crime and violates the modesty principle of Criminal Law. Therefore, we should establish a stratum identification standard under the principle of proportionality,basing on blood alcohol content, eye movement test, balance test and road simulation as resistant elements. It can effectively limit the criminal circle and enhance the protection and guarantee functions of Criminal Law, so as to realize the key role of Criminal Law in responding to the risk society and promoting the modernization of the rule of law.