马克思“经济社会形态的自然史”论断再探——以黑格尔“精神自然史”为视角

A Reexploration of Marx’s Thesis on“the Natural History of Economic and Social Forms”——From the Perspective of Hegel’s“Natural History of Spirit”

黑格尔的纯思想辩证法开创性地把世界历史理解为,精神以人的自然欲望与热情的身份通过其能动的创造性的辩证运动,而最终达到纯粹的普遍自由(肯定)与具体的特殊自由(否定)之间的和解(否定之否定)的自然史。马克思的论断通过对黑格尔的纯思想辩证法的批判性改造,以现实的人及其现实的活动的历史发展来代替黑格尔的精神的现实性活动的发展过程,从而把经济社会形态的发展看作基于人的自然需要本性及其满足的生产方式变迁基础上的自由人的联合体实现的自然史,体现的是经济社会形态发展的合规律性与合目的性相统一的过程。

Hegel’s dialectic of pure ideas pioneered the understanding of world history as the natural history in which spirit,in its capacity as the human’s natural desire and passion and by the dialectical movement of its dynamic creativity,finally reached the reconciliation(negation of negation)between pure general freedom(affirmation)and specific particular freedom(negation).Marx’s assertion,through the critical transformation of Hegel’s dialectic of pure ideas,replaces the development process of Hegel’s realistic activities of spirit with the historical development of real people and their realistic activities,thus viewing the development of economic and social forms as the natural history of the realization of the association of free individuals on the basis of the change in the mode of production based on the nature of human’s natural needs and their satisfaction,reflecting the process of the unification of law and purpose of the development of economic and social forms.