邯郸地区百日咳儿童临床特征分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of children with pertussis in Handan area

目的分析邯郸地区百日咳儿童的临床特征,为百日咳的诊治及防控提供参考。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年12月邯郸市妇幼保健院收治的300例百日咳患儿的病例资料,收集相关实验室检查指标及影像学检查结果,另选取同期300例咳嗽患儿作为对照,对资料进行统计分析。结果邯郸地区百日咳患儿1岁以下201例,占67.00%,为高发年龄;全年都有发病,以夏季(37.67%)和秋季119(39.67%)居多。患儿均以咳嗽为主诉入院,常见症状为阵发性咳嗽296例(98.67%)、痉挛性咳嗽93例(31.00%)、鸡鸣样回声81例(27.00%)、面红或发绀215例(71.67%)、呕吐72例(24.00%)、窒息17例(5.67%)。百日咳患儿住院时长及阵发性咳嗽、痉挛性咳嗽、鸡鸣样回声、面红或发绀、呕吐、窒息、未接种百白破联合疫苗(DTP)发生率均高于对照组(P<0.05),而发热和C反应蛋白升高的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);百日咳患儿白细胞及淋巴细胞计数升高,高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论邯郸地区1岁以下儿童为百日咳高发年龄,夏季和秋季居多;患儿白细胞及淋巴细胞计数升高,可为临床初步判断提供依据。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pertussis children in Handan area,and to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of pertussis.Methods The data of 300 pertussis children admitted to Handan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 was retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data,relevant laboratory examination indexes and imaging examination results were collected.A total of 300 children with cough in the same period were selected as control.The data was analyzed.Results There were 201 cases of pertussis under 1-year-old in Handan area,accounted for 67.00%,which was the high incidence age.Most cases occurred in summer(37.67%)and autumn(39.67%).The common symptoms were paroxysmal cough in 296 cases(98.67%),spastic cough in 93 cases(31.00%),chirping echo in 81 cases(27.00%),blushing or cyanosis in 215 cases(71.67%),vomiting in 72 cases(24.00%)and asphyxia in 17 cases(5.67%).The length of hospital stay,paroxysmal cough,spasmodic cough,chirping echo,blushing or cyanosis,vomiting,asphyxia,and unvaccinated DTP in children with pertussis were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the incidence of fever and elevated C-reactive protein were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The white blood cell and lymphocyte counts of pertussis children were higher than those of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The children under 1-year-old in Handan area had the highest incidence of pertussis,mostly in summer and autumn.The increase of white blood cells and lymphocyte count in children can provide a basis for preliminary clinical judgment.