儒家华夷观的思想基础与本质内涵

The Ideological Foundation and Essential Connotation of the Confucian Hua-yi(华夷)Concept

华夷观是儒家认识民族和处理民族问题的基本观点,主要包括“华夷之别”“华夷之变”和“华夷一统”思想,其中“礼别华夷”为核心内容。儒家华夷观承袭了夏商周以来“天下中国观”和“华夏中心观”思想,形成了“夷夏大防”“用夏变夷”和“大一统”理念。具体而言,其是在华夏先民重构帝系偶像以别族裔的血统观,以中原为“天下之中”的地缘观和以“礼乐”为核心的文化观基础上综合而成。儒家华夷观具有一定的时代性,在中国历史发展过程中起到重要的推动作用,但其中“华夏文化中心主义”和“大汉族主义”等思想并不符合现今的中国国情,因此需要辩证地看待儒家华夷观。梳理分析儒家华夷观的演变与发展,对深入理解儒家民族观的精神实质起到重要作用,对树立正确的民族观、历史观有着重要意义。

The concept of Hua-yi(华夷)is the basic viewpoint of Confucianism in understanding ethnic groups and dealing with ethnic issues.It mainly includes the thoughts of differentiation between Hua(华,people of the Central Plains in ancient China)and Yi(夷,ethnic minority groups of the remote regions in ancient China),changes between Hua and Yi and unification of Hua and Yi.Among them,the idea of using etiquette to distinguish Hua and Yi has become the core content.The Confucian Hua-yi concept inherits the idea of Huaxia(华夏,an ancient name for China)locating in the center of the world since the Xia(夏),Shang(商)and Zhou(周)dynasties,and formed the ideas of mutual defense between Yi and Xia,influencing the Yi people with Xia courtesy,and the unification of China.Specifically,it is synthesized on the basis of the Chinese ancestors’reconstruction of imperial idols to distinguish the lineage view of ethnic groups,the geographical view of the Central Plains locating in the center of the world,and the cultural view with ritual and music as the core,and some other factors.The Confucian Hua-yi concept has a certain epochal character,and plays an important promotion role in the historical development.For example,the concepts of using etiquette to distinguish Hua and Yi and influencing the Yi people with Xia courtesy facilitated the progress in the Xia and Shang dynasties.However,the ideas of“Chinese cultural centralism”and“Great Han Nationalism”in the Confucian Hua-yi concept do not conform to the current national conditions in China.Therefore,it is necessary to treat the Confucian Hua-yi concept dialectically.Discussion on the evolution and development of the Confucian Hua-yi concept is conducive to deeply understanding the spiritual essence of the Confucian view of the nation and establishing a correct view of the nation and history.