话语-历史分析视角下的战争罪行认识解读——以绘鸠毅的“人生三部曲”为例

Analysis of the Perception of War Crimes from the Perspective of Discourse-Historical Analysis: a Case Study of the “Life Trilogy” of Ebatotsuyoshi

话语-历史分析理论认为,语言是人在社会发展过程中产生的一种社会现象。话语的形成取决于一定的社会语境及说话者的交际意图。日本“中归联”原侵华战犯绘鸠毅回忆录中的罪行认识话语记录了其对战争罪行认识的转变过程,即绘鸠毅对战争罪行的认识呈现出“服从命令实施罪行-被动陈述罪状-认罪并主动内省罪行”的转变过程,该转变过程也体现在其不同阶段所使用的话语策略中。结合社会历史语境可知,绘鸠毅前期对战争的认识受日本军国主义思想的影响,后期在中国关押期间通过接受教育及自我学习与思考,其对战争及罪行的认识发生重大转变。

Discourse-historical analysis suggests that language is a social phenomenon produced by people in the process of social development. The discourse formation depends on a certain social context, as well as the communicative intention of the speaker. The discourse of crime perception in the memoirs of the former Japanese war criminal Ebatotsuyoshi of the Association of Returnees from China(often abbreviated to Chukiren) reveals a change in the author’s perception of war crimes. In other words,Ebatotsuyoshi’s understanding of war crimes presents a transformation process of obeying orders to commit crimes, passively stating crimes, confessing crimes and actively reflecting on them, which is also reflected in the use of discourse strategies at different stages. The socio-historical context shows that the author’s perception of war was deeply influenced by the Japanese militarist social ideology and the “emperor’s supremacy” military management system in the early time, and the transformation of his perception of war and crime occurred during his education and self-learning and reflection during his custody in China.