组织知识分享的关键影响因素及其效应:来自Meta分析的证据

The Key Influencing Factors of Organizational Knowledge Sharing and Its Effect:Evidence from Meta-analysis

在知识经济时代,知识已成为组织获取可持续竞争优势的战略资产,知识分享作为知识管理的重要内容受到了国内外学者的广泛关注,但现有研究对知识分享的关键影响因素尚未形成共识,对其影响效应缺乏系统的整合评估。以2006—2020年国内外已发表的52篇实证研究文献为样本,利用Meta分析方法定量化系统分析了知识分享的影响因素以及知识分享与组织绩效的关系,并检验了文化背景、行业特征、职业角色对这一关系的调节效应。研究结果表明:组织情境、组织信任、社会资本、合作关系和信息系统是影响知识分享的五个重要因素。这些因素对知识分享均具有显著的正向影响。此外,知识分享对组织绩效具有显著的正向影响,但不同研究间存在一定的异质性。通过调节效应分析发现,文化背景、行业特征和受访对象的职业角色是产生异质性的主要原因。因此,从组织宏观角度来看,管理者应培育组织文化氛围并鼓励知识分享活动,强化组织学习,优化人力资源管理,创造合作的工作环境,确保组织成员依赖信息技术进行协作;从员工微观的角度来看,应提高其组织信任感,增强员工社会资本以促进组织的知识分享;从调节效应角度看,组织在设计知识分享激励策略时,应充分考虑组织所处的行业、员工的文化背景及岗位特征,各有侧重地实施差异化激励措施。

In the era of knowledge economy,knowledge has become a strategic asset for organizations to obtain sustainable competitive advantages.As an important part of knowledge management,knowledge sharing has attracted extensive attention from scholars all over the world.However,the existing researches have not reached a consensus on the key influencing factors of knowledge sharing,and there is a lack of systematic integrated evaluation of its effects.In this study,52 empirical studies published from 2006 to 2020 at home and abroad were taken as samples,the meta-analysis method was used to quantitatively and systematically analyze the influencing factors of knowledge sharing and the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational performance,and to test the moderating effects of cultural background,industry characteristics and occupational roles on these relationships.The results show that organizational context,organizational trust,social capital,cooperative relationship and information system are the five important factors affecting knowledge sharing,and all of these factors have a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing.In addition,knowledge sharing has a significant positive effect on organizational performance,but there is a certain heterogeneity among different studies.Through the moderating effect analysis,it is found that cultural background,industry characteristics and interviewees’occupational roles are the main causes of heterogeneity.Therefore,from the macro perspective of the organization,managers should cultivate the organizational cultural atmosphere and encourage knowledge sharing activities,strengthen organizational learning,optimize human resource management,create a cooperative working environment,and ensure that the members of the organization rely on information technology to cooperate.From the micro perspective of employees,they should enhance their sense of trust in the organization and enhance their social capital to promote the knowledge sharing of the organization.From the perspective of moderating effect,when designing incentive strategies for knowledge sharing,an organization should fully consider its industry,employees’cultural background and job characteristics,and implement differentiated incentive measures with different emphasis.