城市化对土壤动物群落结构和多样性的影响

Effects of urbanization on soil fauna community structure and diversity

城市化进程加快带来的环境挑战正威胁着地球上的生物多样性。土壤动物是生物多样性的重要组成部分,对维持土壤健康及城市生态系统稳定性具有重要意义。近年来,城市土壤动物群落结构和多样性的研究已经取得了一定进展,但是仍缺乏系统的总结和综述。基于此,本文梳理归纳了国内外已有的相关文献,总结了城市化影响土壤动物的主要途径,并阐述了城市中不同体型大小的优势土壤动物类群对城市化的响应。本文建议未来应利用分子生物学手段深入解析城市土壤动物多样性,明晰城市土壤食物网的结构与功能,关注土壤动物群落的保护与恢复,揭示城市土壤动物肠道微生物组特征,并挖掘城市土壤动物抑制人类致病菌的潜力,以期为城市生物多样性保护、生态系统稳定和人类健康维持提供相关科学依据。

Background&Aims:Urbanization threatens biodiversity on local to global scales,and soil fauna is an essential component of soil biodiversity and play a vital role in the maintenance of soil health and ecosystem functions in cities.In recent years,many studies previously focused on the structure and diversity of urban soil fauna communities that have made significant progress to understand their complex relationships.However,systematic summaries and discussions are still limited.Progress:This review advances our knowledge in these areas by drawing upon current urban soil biodiversity studies with relevant broader research on soil fauna.From these works,we summarize the major pathways by which urbanization affects the community composition and diversity of soil fauna and highlight ecological processes that potentially threaten the persistence of soil fauna in cities.Prospects:We recommend that future studies should focus on(1)the impact of urbanization on gut microbiomes of soil fauna and how it relates to changes in soil fauna functions,(2)the environmental determinants to the structures and functions of soil food webs in urban ecosystems,and(3)the role of soil fauna in the regulation of human pathogens.Ultimately,our review provides a relevant scientific basis for biodiversity protection and maintenance of soil health and ecosystem stability in cities.