评说构式语法理论中的的“压制”说

Comment on the Concept of"Coercion"in Construction Grammar

“coercion”(压制)是构式语法研究中用得比较多的一个概念。本文认为“构式压制”说所关注的语言现象是存在的、值得注意的,但具体解释是不够深思、慎思的。语言事实表明,构式义会激活进入构式的词项本身语义或用法的某方面的特性,并使之凸显,但“外因是通过内因起作用的”,进入构式的词项本身的某方面的特性起着决定性的“内因作用”。据此本文提出“词项内因作用”说。文章最后进一步指出,我们在构式研究中还不能光有“构式压制”观,也不能光有“词项内因作用”说,更需要有“关联”的理念,需要有“语义和谐律”的理念,因为语言事实显示,不只是进入构式的某个词项起着“内因作用”,实际上进入构式的各个词项的语义特性都会对整个构式表达合适与否起“内因作用”。

"Coercion"is a concept frequently used in Construction Grammar.This paper argues that,although the language phenomena concerning"construction coercion"indeed exist and are worth noting,they still need more careful and in-depth explication.Language facts show that the constructional meaning can activate and profile some semantic features or features relating to the uses of the lexical items entering the construction,but as external factors take on their role through internal factors,these features will play a crucial role of serving as"internal factors".Accordingly,this paper proposes the concept of"lexical items as internal factors".Finally,it further points out that neither"coercion"nor"lexical items as internal factors"is sufficient in studies on constructions,and the notions of"relevance"and"Semantic Harmony Principle"are also required,because language facts reveal that not only the semantic features of a specific lexical item entering a construction assume the role of internal factors,but also that of every lexical item in it undertakes the same function in determining whether the whole construction is acceptable or not.