广西哺乳期妇女产后抑郁症状现状及社会资本对其的影响

Current Status of Postpartum Depression Symptoms Among Lactating Women in Guangxi and the Effect of Social Capital

目的:了解广西哺乳期妇女产后抑郁症状的现状,探讨社会资本对其产后抑郁症状的影响,为解决少数民族地区妇女产后抑郁症状问题提供参考。方法:采用现场问卷调查法,多阶段随机整群抽取广西内9个地级市的哺乳期妇女,使用自制人口学特征问卷、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和社会资本问卷进行实地调查。结果:共纳入413份样本,广西哺乳期妇女产后抑郁症状发生率为38.50%,抑郁阴性组和阳性组哺乳期妇女的社会资本各维度得分存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。社会资本总水平、社会信任、社会互惠、社会参与是哺乳期妇女产后抑郁症状的保护因素(OR=1.30、1.24、1.31、1.49)。结论:广西哺乳期妇女抑郁症状发生率较高,应当引起社会关注。社会资本总水平、社会信任、社会互惠、社会参与对其抑郁症状有显著影响,建议政府、医院和有关部门发挥其功能采取相应措施改善少数民族地区哺乳期妇女的心理健康。

Objective: To understand the current situation of postpartum depression symptoms among lactating women in Guangxi, and to explore the influence of social capital on their postpartum depression symptoms, so as to provide references for solving the problem of postpartum depression symptoms among women in ethnic minority areas. Methods: A field survey was conducted using a multi-stage randomized cluster sample of lactating women from nine prefectural-level cities in Guangxi through a self-administered demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and the social capital questionnaire. Results: A total of 413 samples were included, and the prevalence of postpartum depression symptoms among lactating women in Guangxi was 38.50%. There were statistical differences in the scores of each dimension of social capital among lactating women with negative and positive depression(P<0.05). Total level of social capital, social trust, social reciprocity, and social participation were protective factors for postpartum depression symptoms among lactating women(OR=1.30, 1.24, 1.31, 1.49). Conclusion: The level of depressive symptoms of lactating women in Guangxi is high, which should be a cause for social concern. The total level of social capital, social trust, social reciprocity and social participation have a significant impact on their depressive symptoms, and it is recommended that the government, hospitals and relevant departments should play their functions to take appropriate measures to improve the psychological health of lactating women in ethnic minority areas.