公共卫生护士核心能力评价指标体系的构建

Construction of evaluation index system for core competence of public health nurses

目的构建公共卫生护士核心能力评价指标体系,为培养及发展符合我国国情的公共卫生护士提供依据。方法通过国内外文献回顾、半结构式访谈初步拟定公共卫生护士核心能力评价指标体系,以德尔菲专家咨询法对全国18名专家进行2轮函询,并对条目进行修改、补充及删减,采用百分权重法计算各级指标条目的权重。结果2轮专家咨询的问卷有效回收率均为100%,专家意见提出率分别为89%和67%,专家权威系数为0.864,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.172~0.404和0.198~0.422(P均<0.001)。最终形成的公共卫生护士核心能力评价指标包括一级指标5项(基本公共卫生实践能力、项目管理与实施的基本能力、突发公共卫生事件应急反应能力、流行病学调查能力、领导力)、二级指标26项、三级指标79项。结论公共卫生护士核心能力评价指标体系具有科学性、可靠性、本土适宜性及实用性,明确了公共卫生护士准入条件和工作职责,为中国未来培养及发展高素质公共卫生护理人才提供参考和借鉴,也为医疗机构制订临床护士转岗培训方案及考核标准提供依据。

Objective To construct a core competence evaluation index system for public health nurses,and to provide reference for the cultivation of public health nurses suiting national conditions.Methods A core competency evaluation index system of public health nurses was initially developed through literature review and semi-structured interviews.Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence inquiries among 18 experts,and the entries were revised,supplemented and deleted.The weight of index items at all levels was calculated by percentage weight method.Results The effective questionnaire recovery rate of the 2 rounds of expert consultation was 100%;the extraction rates of expert opinions 89%and 67%,respectively;expert authority coefficient 0.864,and the Kendall coordination coefficient ranged from 0.172 to 0.404 and from 0.198 to 0.422,respectively(both P<0.001).The final core competence evaluation index system for public health nurses consisted of 5 first-level indicators(basic public health practice ability,basic project management and implementation ability,emergency response ability of public health emergencies,epidemiological investigation ability,and leadership),26 second-level and 79 third-level indicators.Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system of core competence of public health nurses is scientific and practical,and it is in line with China’s national conditions.It provides reference for the cultivation of high-quality public health nursing talents in China in the future,and for the formulation of the transfer training programs and assessment standards of clinical nurses.