跨界景区的空间分布、类型划分及治理模式

Spatial distribution, classification and governance mode of cross-boundary scenic spots

跨界景区作为相邻政区间的交错区域,其内部一体化的旅游资源因客观存在的行政边界而被相对割裂,成为区域空间治理的特殊类型。研究以全国306个5A级旅游景区为研究对象,利用地图数据和GIS空间分析研究得出:(1)中国现有69个跨界5A级旅游景区,整体呈现集聚型空间分布格局;(2)跨界景区可从开发目的、主体资源类型、边界尺度和跨界单元角度进行划分,不同类型跨界景区的旅游开发与管理存在明显差异;(3)跨界景区现有一方政府主导、多区治理、管委会治理和企业主导4类管理模式,不同管理模式既有阶段性特征也存在共有问题。最后基于不同空间尺度,提出行政区划调整、政区横向联系和企业统一经营3种具体整合路径,以期突破边界屏蔽效应,实现有效的区域旅游合作治理。

As an interlocking area between adjacent administrative regions, the integrated natural geographical units within scenic spots are relatively fragmented due to the existence of administrative boundaries, making them a special type of regional spatial governance. This paper takes 306 5A-level scenic spots in China as the research objects, uses map data and GIS spatial analysis to draw the following conclusions:(1) There are 69 5A-level cross-boundary scenic spots in China, with an overall clustered spatial distribution pattern.(2) Cross-boundary scenic spots can be divided from the perspective of development purpose, type of primary resource, boundary scale and cross-boundary unit. Tourism development and management of different types of cross-boundary scenic spots are distinct.(3) There are four different management modes for cross-boundary scenic spots: government-led, multi-zone governance, management committee governance and enterprise-led. Each management mode has both periodical characteristics and common problems. Finally, based on different spatial scales, this paper puts forward three specific integration paths: boundary modification of adjacent administration regions;horizontal connection between government departments;unified management mode by tourism enterprises. This study aims to break through the boundary shielding effect and achieve effective regional tourism cooperative governance.