基于拓扑优化的四旋翼无人机机身轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of Four-rotor UAV Fuselage based on Topology Optimization

针对四旋翼无人机机身轻量化需求,以小型四旋翼无人机机身结构为研究对象,基于质量最小原则对四旋翼无人机机身结构进行轻量化设计。选用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)材料,利用Inspire软件分别对不同优化目标下的机身模型的形状控制进行了拓扑优化计算,依照质量最小原则,得到了基于形状控制为辐射状的小型四旋翼机身的关键结构特征。然后对拓扑优化的最优结果进行了几何重构及强度校核,得到适合于3D打印的结构,相对于初始结构实现了54%减重,且多工况下机身模型的应力、位移、安全系数都符合设计要求,接着通过切片软件设置层厚、模型摆放位置等参数对机身的三维数据进行前处理,最后通过3D打印机实现轻量化模型熔融沉积成型(FDM)快速制造。该研究结果为四旋翼无人机机身结构的设计提供一种新的设计思路,为实现低成本、轻量化的四旋翼无人机结构提供一条新的途径。

Taking the small four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)fuselage structure as the research object,aiming at the lightweight requirements of the four-rotor UAV fuselage,the lightweight design of the four-rotor UAV fuselage structure was carried out based on the principle of mass minimum.The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic(ABS)material was selected and the software Inspire was used to calculate the topology optimization of the shape control of the fuselage model under different optimization objectives.According to the principle of mass minimum,the key structural characteristics of the small four-rotor fuselage with radial shape control were obtained.Then,geometric reconstruction and strength check were carried out for the optimal results of topology optimization to obtain a structure suitable for 3D printing.Compared with the initial structure,54%weight reduction was achieved,and the stress,displacement and safety factor of the fuselage model under multiple working conditions met the design requirements.Then,3D data of the fuselage were preprocessed by setting parameters such as layer thickness and model placement position through slicing software.Finally,the lightweight model fused deposition modeling(FDM)rapid manufacturing was realized through 3D printer.The research results provide a new design idea for the design of the four-rotor UAV fuselage structure,and a new way to achieve low-cost and lightweight four-rotor UAV structure.