核桃壳超声预处理对聚氯乙烯复合材料性能的影响

Effect of Walnut Shell Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites

为研究超声预处理对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/核桃壳(WS)/凹凸棒土(ATP)复合材料性能的影响及相关机理,以料液质量比、振幅、时间为超声预处理试验条件处理WS,应用熔融挤出工艺制备PVC/WS/ATP复合材料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对PVC/WS/ATP复合材料的结构和微观形貌进行表征,对复合材料的物理、力学和耐磨损性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,超声预处理没有改变复合材料的主要化学结构,超声的空化作用提升了WS与PVC的界面相容性;相比于未处理WS,一定条件的超声预处理可降低复合材料的密度,并使复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能均有所增强,在超声料液质量比1∶20、振幅60%、时间15 min条件下力学性能达到最优;一定条件的超声预处理增强了复合材料的耐磨性,在超声料液质量比1∶20、振幅60%、时间10 min条件下耐磨损性能最优。

In order to study the effect and mechanism of ultrasonic pretreatment on the properties of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)/walnut shell(WS)/attapulgite(ATP)composites,the mass ratio of material to liquid,amplitude and time of ultrasonic pretreatment were used as test factors to treat WS,and the PVC/WS/ATP composites were prepared by melt extrusion process.The structure and micro morphology of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy,and the physical,mechanical and abrasion resistance of the composites were tested and analyzed.The results show that the main chemical structure of the composites is not changed by ultrasonic pretreatment,and the interface compatibility between WS powder and PVC is enhanced by the ultrasonic cavitation.Compared with untreated WS,the density of the composite is reduced after ultrasonic pretreatment under suitable conditions,and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength,bending strength and impact strength are improved.The mechanical properties of the composite are best when the ultrasonic mass ratio of material to liquid is 1∶20,amplitude is 60%,and time is 15 min.The abrasion resistance of the composite is enhanced by ultrasonic pretreatment under suitable conditions,and the composite has best abrasion resistance when the ultrasonic mass ratio of material to liquid is 1∶20,amplitude is 60%,and time is 10 min.