北京中医药大学学生体质健康水平4年追踪研究

Four-year follow-up study of physical health of college students in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

目的 探究北京中医药大学学生体质健康状况和发展趋势,为提升学生体质健康水平和促进体育课程改革提供参考。方法 采用《国家学生体质健康标准》对北京中医药大学的1 000名学生进行连续4年的测试。结果 大学生4年的体质健康测试总成绩及肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、1 000 m跑成绩均呈现出先上升后下降趋势,大二时得分最高,且大二与大三、大四成绩差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);大学生4年的仰卧起坐成绩呈现逐年下降趋势,各年级差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);大学生4年的引体向上成绩呈现先下降后上升的趋势,大一时成绩最高,且大一与大三、大四成绩差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);大学生4年的800 m跑成绩呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势,大一时成绩最高。结论 北京中医药大学学生体质健康总成绩及大部分测试项目成绩均呈现出先升后降的趋势,大二时得分最高,但也有部分测试项目成绩呈现逐年下降或是先降后升再降的波浪型趋势。学校要根据大学生不同测试项目的变化特征开展针对性的体质健康提升工作。

Objective This paper aims to explore the physical health status and development trend of students in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and provide reference for improving students’ physical health level and promoting the reform of physical education curriculum. Methods A total of 1 000 students from Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were tested for four consecutive years using the National Student Health Standards. Results The scores first increased then declined in total physical health test, vital capacity, 50 meters, standing long jump, sit and reach, and 1 000 meters, with the highest scores in the sophomore year. The differences between sophomore year, junior year and senior year were statistically significant(P<0.05). The results of sit-ups in four years showed a downward trend year by year, and the differences among different grades were statistically significant(P<0.05);The scores of 4-year pull-ups first showed a decline and then an increase, with the highest score in freshman year, and the differences between freshman, junior and senior year were statistically significant(P<0.05);The scores of 800 meters in four years showed a decline first, then an increase, and a decline again, with the highest score in freshman year. Conclusions The total score of physical health test and most of the test items of students in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine showed a trend of rising first and then falling, with the highest score in the sophomore year, however, the scores of some test items manifested fluctuation. The university should take the characteristics of different items into consideration and carry out targeted physical health improvement work.