农村互助养老长效机制:理论建构与实现路径

Long-term Operation of Mutual-aid for the Rural Aged: Theoretical Construction and Optimization Path

面对农村深层老龄化的严峻态势和养老服务不足的现实短板,互助养老成为纾解农村养老难题的新出路。当前这一模式在广大农村遍地开花,但长效运行受阻。通过对多地互助养老的持续追踪,发现其面临资源筹集能力薄弱、组织运行欠佳、老年人参与水平较低、社会连带效应有限的困境。运用福利多元主义、社会运行理论建构农村互助养老长效运行的“四重机制”,即资源筹集机制、组织运行机制、老人互助机制和社会连带机制,它们在特定序向的基础上相互影响和作用,构成长效运行的制度基础。在中国式现代化的背景下,要系统优化“四重机制”以形成互助养老长效运行的良性格局,进而完善农村基础性和普惠性养老保障体系。

Faced with the severe situation of deep aging in rural China and the reality of insufficient elderly care services, mutual-aid for the aged has become a new way to solve the problem of rural elderly care. At present, this model is blooming anywhere in the vast rural China, but it faces the difficulty of long-term operation. Through continuous tracking research to the rural mutual-aid for the elderly,it is found that it faces the difficulties of weak resource raising ability, poor organizational operation, low participation level of the aged, and limited social associated effect.The paper combines the theory of welfare pluralism and social operation to construct four-fold mechanisms for the long-term operation of rural mutual-aid for the aged, including the resource raising mechanism, the organization operation mechanism, the aged mutual-aid mechanism and the social joint mechanism. They operate on the basis of a specific sequence, and constitute the institutional basis for long-term operation. In the context of Chinese-style modernization, it is necessary to systematically optimize the four-fold mechanisms to form a benign pattern of long-term operation of mutual-aid for the rural elderly, so as to further improve the basic and inclusive elderly security system in rural areas.