大学生新冠肺炎疫情风险感知和焦虑抑郁的关系研究——基于有调节的中介模型

Relationship of college students’risk perception of COVID-19 and their anxiety and depression:A moderated mediation model

目的探讨新冠肺炎疫情背景下大学生对疫情的风险感知和焦虑、抑郁的关系,以及负性注意偏向和领悟社会支持的作用,为高校制定相应干预措施提供理论依据。方法通过方便抽样法,对来自陕西省与河南省的1404名在读大学生,采用一般资料调查表、新冠肺炎疫情风险感知量表、负性注意偏向量表、广泛性焦虑筛查量表、抑郁筛查量表与领悟社会支持量表进行线上问卷调查。数据分析采用SPSS 20.0软件,用Pearson相关方法探究各变量之间的相关关系,并通过PROCESS插件分析负性注意偏向的中介效应和领悟社会支持的调节效应。结果纳入研究的1404名大学生焦虑与抑郁得分分别为4.03±4.48、6.21±5.41;焦虑症状、抑郁症状的检出率分别为29.9%、44.4%。新冠肺炎疫情风险感知与负性注意偏向(r=0.373,P<0.001)、焦虑(r=0.227,P<0.001)、抑郁(r=0.226,P<0.001)呈正相关;负性注意偏向与焦虑(r=0.553,P<0.001)、抑郁(r=0.497,P<0.001)呈正相关;而领悟社会支持与疫情风险感知(r=-0.154,P<0.001)、负性注意偏向(r=-0.259,P<0.001)、焦虑(r=-0.321,P<0.001)和抑郁(r=-0.278,P<0.001)均呈负相关。新冠肺炎疫情风险感知主要通过负性注意偏向影响大学生的焦虑、抑郁。其中新冠肺炎疫情风险感知对焦虑、抑郁的总效应分别为0.227、0.228,中介效应分别占总效应的80.18%、90.35%。领悟社会支持在上述中介模型的后半段路径有调节作用。结论新冠肺炎疫情风险感知通过负性注意偏向间接影响大学生焦虑与抑郁的发生,且领悟社会支持在该中介模型中发挥调节作用,提示在风险事件发生时,高校应注意引导学生调整对外界信息的注意偏向,并给予学生足够的关心与支持,以改善其心理健康状态。

Objective To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression,as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support,so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures.Methods By the convenience sampling method,totally 1404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire,Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale,Attention to Negative Information Scale,Patient Health Questionnaire,Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale.SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis,Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables.The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS.Results The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1404 college students included in the study were 4.03±4.48 and 6.21±5.41,respectively.The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%,and that of depression symptom was 44.4%.The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information(r=0.373,P<0.001),anxiety(r=0.227,P<0.001),and depression(r=0.226,P<0.001).Anxiety(r=0.553,P<0.001)and depression(r=0.497,P<0.001)were positively correlated with attention to negative information,while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19(r=-0.154,P<0.001),attention to negative information(r=-0.259,P<0.001),anxiety(r=-0.321,P<0.001)and depression(r=-0.278,P<0.001).The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information.The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0.227,and the mediating effect accounted for 80.18%of the total effect.The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0.228,and the mediating effect accounted for 90.35%of the total effect.Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model.Conclusion Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information,and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model.The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs,colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information,and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health.